Neural Signature of DCD: A Critical Review of MRI Neuroimaging Studies

Maëlle Biotteau, Yves Chaix, Mélody Blais, Jessica Tallet, Patrice Péran, Jean-Michel Albaret, Maëlle Biotteau, Yves Chaix, Mélody Blais, Jessica Tallet, Patrice Péran, Jean-Michel Albaret

Abstract

The most common neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., developmental dyslexia (DD), autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) have been the subject of numerous neuroimaging studies, leading to certain brain regions being identified as neural correlates of these conditions, referring to a neural signature of disorders. Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), however, remains one of the least understood and studied neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the acknowledged link between motor difficulties and brain features, it is surprising that so few research studies have systematically explored the brains of children with DCD. The aim of the present review was to ascertain whether it is currently possible to identify a neural signature for DCD, based on the 14 magnetic resonance imaging neuroimaging studies that have been conducted in DCD to date. Our results indicate that several brain areas are unquestionably linked to DCD: cerebellum, basal ganglia, parietal lobe, and parts of the frontal lobe (medial orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). However, research has been too sparse and studies have suffered from several limitations that constitute a serious obstacle to address the question of a well-established neural signature for DCD.

Keywords: brain; developmental coordination disorder; neural correlates; neurodevelopmental disorder; neuroimaging.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Foci of atypical brain involvement reported from neuroimaging studies of children with DCD compared to TD children. Studies: circles 1–8: fMRI; triangles 9–10: sMRI; squares 11–13: DTI. Each number/color represented one study. [1] Querne et al. (68); [2] Kashiwagi et al. (69); [3] Zwicker et al. (70); [4] Zwicker et al. (71); [5] Debrabant et al. (73); [6] McLeod et al. (74); [7] Licari et al. (77); [8] Reynolds et al. (78); [9] Langevin et al. (76); [10] Caeyenberghs et al. (80); [11] Zwicker et al. (72); [12] Langevin et al. (75); [13] Debrabant et al. (79). Brain areas: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; c., cortex; DLPCF, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; g., gyrus; lob., lobule; OFC, orbito frontal cortex; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; RLIC, retrolenticular part of the internal capsule; SLF, superior longitudinal fasciculus; TPJ, temporoparietal junction; t, tract.

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