Microduplications of 16p11.2 are associated with schizophrenia

Shane E McCarthy, Vladimir Makarov, George Kirov, Anjene M Addington, Jon McClellan, Seungtai Yoon, Diana O Perkins, Diane E Dickel, Mary Kusenda, Olga Krastoshevsky, Verena Krause, Ravinesh A Kumar, Detelina Grozeva, Dheeraj Malhotra, Tom Walsh, Elaine H Zackai, Paige Kaplan, Jaya Ganesh, Ian D Krantz, Nancy B Spinner, Patricia Roccanova, Abhishek Bhandari, Kevin Pavon, B Lakshmi, Anthony Leotta, Jude Kendall, Yoon-Ha Lee, Vladimir Vacic, Sydney Gary, Lilia M Iakoucheva, Timothy J Crow, Susan L Christian, Jeffrey A Lieberman, T Scott Stroup, Terho Lehtimäki, Kaija Puura, Chad Haldeman-Englert, Justin Pearl, Meredith Goodell, Virginia L Willour, Pamela Derosse, Jo Steele, Layla Kassem, Jessica Wolff, Nisha Chitkara, Francis J McMahon, Anil K Malhotra, James B Potash, Thomas G Schulze, Markus M Nöthen, Sven Cichon, Marcella Rietschel, Ellen Leibenluft, Vlad Kustanovich, Clara M Lajonchere, James S Sutcliffe, David Skuse, Michael Gill, Louise Gallagher, Nancy R Mendell, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Nick Craddock, Michael J Owen, Michael C O'Donovan, Tamim H Shaikh, Ezra Susser, Lynn E Delisi, Patrick F Sullivan, Curtis K Deutsch, Judith Rapoport, Deborah L Levy, Mary-Claire King, Jonathan Sebat, Shane E McCarthy, Vladimir Makarov, George Kirov, Anjene M Addington, Jon McClellan, Seungtai Yoon, Diana O Perkins, Diane E Dickel, Mary Kusenda, Olga Krastoshevsky, Verena Krause, Ravinesh A Kumar, Detelina Grozeva, Dheeraj Malhotra, Tom Walsh, Elaine H Zackai, Paige Kaplan, Jaya Ganesh, Ian D Krantz, Nancy B Spinner, Patricia Roccanova, Abhishek Bhandari, Kevin Pavon, B Lakshmi, Anthony Leotta, Jude Kendall, Yoon-Ha Lee, Vladimir Vacic, Sydney Gary, Lilia M Iakoucheva, Timothy J Crow, Susan L Christian, Jeffrey A Lieberman, T Scott Stroup, Terho Lehtimäki, Kaija Puura, Chad Haldeman-Englert, Justin Pearl, Meredith Goodell, Virginia L Willour, Pamela Derosse, Jo Steele, Layla Kassem, Jessica Wolff, Nisha Chitkara, Francis J McMahon, Anil K Malhotra, James B Potash, Thomas G Schulze, Markus M Nöthen, Sven Cichon, Marcella Rietschel, Ellen Leibenluft, Vlad Kustanovich, Clara M Lajonchere, James S Sutcliffe, David Skuse, Michael Gill, Louise Gallagher, Nancy R Mendell, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Nick Craddock, Michael J Owen, Michael C O'Donovan, Tamim H Shaikh, Ezra Susser, Lynn E Delisi, Patrick F Sullivan, Curtis K Deutsch, Judith Rapoport, Deborah L Levy, Mary-Claire King, Jonathan Sebat

Abstract

Recurrent microdeletions and microduplications of a 600-kb genomic region of chromosome 16p11.2 have been implicated in childhood-onset developmental disorders. We report the association of 16p11.2 microduplications with schizophrenia in two large cohorts. The microduplication was detected in 12/1,906 (0.63%) cases and 1/3,971 (0.03%) controls (P = 1.2 x 10(-5), OR = 25.8) from the initial cohort, and in 9/2,645 (0.34%) cases and 1/2,420 (0.04%) controls (P = 0.022, OR = 8.3) of the replication cohort. The 16p11.2 microduplication was associated with a 14.5-fold increased risk of schizophrenia (95% CI (3.3, 62)) in the combined sample. A meta-analysis of datasets for multiple psychiatric disorders showed a significant association of the microduplication with schizophrenia (P = 4.8 x 10(-7)), bipolar disorder (P = 0.017) and autism (P = 1.9 x 10(-7)). In contrast, the reciprocal microdeletion was associated only with autism and developmental disorders (P = 2.3 x 10(-13)). Head circumference was larger in patients with the microdeletion than in patients with the microduplication (P = 0.0007).

Figures

Figure 1. Microduplications and microdeletions at 16p11.2…
Figure 1. Microduplications and microdeletions at 16p11.2 in persons with schizophrenia and controls
(A) 16p11.2 rearrangements were detected in a primary sample of 1906 cases and 3971 controls (Panels A, B, C, D) and a replication sample of 2645 cases and 2420 controls (Panel A, E). The single microduplication and three microdeletions detected in the primary control set are presented based on the Affymetrix 500K coordinates (hg18). All other CNVs were validated in the NimbleGen HD2 platform and are illustrated based on the validation coordinates (Panels B, C, D, E) The median z-score for the 535kb 16p11.2 target region is plotted on the X-axis and the median z-score of flanking invariant probes is plotted on the Y-axis. Data are presented separately for the ROMA (B), Affymetrix500K (C), NimbleGen HD2 (D), and (Affymetrix 6.0 (E) platforms. CNVs were called using thresholds of >2 SD for ROMA and >1 SD for all other platforms (). MeZOD and the HMM algorithms detected the same deletions and duplications at 16p11.2.

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