Detection of silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic patients with diabetes: results of a randomized trial and meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of systematic screening

Michel M Lièvre, Philippe Moulin, Charles Thivolet, Michel Rodier, Vincent Rigalleau, Alfred Penfornis, Alain Pradignac, Michel Ovize, DYNAMIT investigators, X André-Fouët, N Balarac, N Danchin, J M Davy, M Lièvre, P Moulin, J Orgiazzy, M Ovize, M Rodier, C Thivolet, X Ducottet, P Lanthelme, P Nony, J P Boissel, J Ménard, P Passa, A Bissery, J Gillet, M Hervé, M Lièvre, A Mazet, M Rodier, V Rigalleau, F Penformis, P Moulin, C Thivolet, A Pradignac, M Daumont, P Rubin, N Balarac, C Bressot, A M Leguerrier, R Cohen, C Alessis, J C Paffoy, A Schletzer-Mari, C Ledevehat, P Poncelet, D Charitanski, P Jan, B Guerci, J P Ruiz, V Durlach, A Fredenrich, C Messerschmitt, B Canet, A Fonteille, A Warnet, M L Botiveau-Castry, M Laurent, B Verges, M Wagner, G Bolla, M Escande, B Lang, C Dracon, B Lormeau, B Schmitt, S Schneebeli, J P Donnet, D Tater, S Dumoulin, M Marre, S Picard, M Rochez-Fraibere, M Uzan, Michel M Lièvre, Philippe Moulin, Charles Thivolet, Michel Rodier, Vincent Rigalleau, Alfred Penfornis, Alain Pradignac, Michel Ovize, DYNAMIT investigators, X André-Fouët, N Balarac, N Danchin, J M Davy, M Lièvre, P Moulin, J Orgiazzy, M Ovize, M Rodier, C Thivolet, X Ducottet, P Lanthelme, P Nony, J P Boissel, J Ménard, P Passa, A Bissery, J Gillet, M Hervé, M Lièvre, A Mazet, M Rodier, V Rigalleau, F Penformis, P Moulin, C Thivolet, A Pradignac, M Daumont, P Rubin, N Balarac, C Bressot, A M Leguerrier, R Cohen, C Alessis, J C Paffoy, A Schletzer-Mari, C Ledevehat, P Poncelet, D Charitanski, P Jan, B Guerci, J P Ruiz, V Durlach, A Fredenrich, C Messerschmitt, B Canet, A Fonteille, A Warnet, M L Botiveau-Castry, M Laurent, B Verges, M Wagner, G Bolla, M Escande, B Lang, C Dracon, B Lormeau, B Schmitt, S Schneebeli, J P Donnet, D Tater, S Dumoulin, M Marre, S Picard, M Rochez-Fraibere, M Uzan

Abstract

Background: Most guidelines recommend a systematic screening of asymptomatic high risk patients with diabetes for silent ischemia, but the clinical benefit of this strategy has not been demonstrated compared with the simple control of cardiovascular risk factors. We sought to determine whether referring asymptomatic diabetic patients for screening of silent ischemia decreases the risk of cardiovascular events compared with usual care.

Methods: DYNAMIT was a prospective, randomized, open, blinded end-point multicenter trial run between 2000 and 2005, with a 3.5 year mean follow-up in ambulatory care in 45 French hospitals. The study included 631 male and female with diabetes aged 63.9 ± 5.1 years, with no evidence of coronary artery disease and at least 2 additional cardiovascular risk factors, receiving appropriate medical treatment. The patients were randomized centrally to either screening for silent ischemia using a bicycle exercise test or Dipyridamole Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (N = 316), or follow-up without screening (N = 315). The main study end point was time to death from all causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or heart failure requiring hospitalization or emergency service intervention. The results of a meta-analysis of DYNAMIT and DIAD, a similar study, are also presented.

Results: The study was discontinued prematurely because of difficulties in recruitment and a lower-than expected event rate. Follow-up was complete for 98.9% patients regarding mortality and for 97.5% regarding the main study end point. Silent ischemia detection procedure was positive or uncertain in 68 (21.5%) patients of the screening group. There was no significant difference between the screening and the usual care group for the main outcome (hazard ratio = 1.00 95%CI 0.59 to 1.71). The meta-analysis of these and DIAD results gave similar results, with narrower confidence intervals for each endpoint.

Conclusions: These results suggest that the systematic detection of silent ischemia in high-risk asymptomatic patients with diabetes is unlikely to provide any major benefit on hard outcomes in patients whose cardiovascular risk is controlled by an optimal medical treatment.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00627783.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study flow-chart.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Survival curve for the main composite end-point (time to death from all causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or heart failure requiring hospitalization or emergency service intervention).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Meta-analysis of the DYNAMIT and DIAD study results. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), with usual care as the reference group. Main outcome of the DIAD study (cardiac death or non-fatal myocardial infarction (Card. Death/n-f MI) and other outcomes. P(assoc): association p-value. P(het): heterogeneity p-value.

References

    1. Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton J, Wentworth D. for the multiple risk factor intervention trial research group. Diabetes, other risk factors and 12 year cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Diabetes Care. 1993;16:434–444. doi: 10.2337/diacare.16.2.434.
    1. Manson JE, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ. et al.A prospective study of maturity onset diabetes mellitus and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:1141–1147. doi: 10.1001/archinte.151.6.1141.
    1. Milan Study on Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (MISAD) group. Prevalence of unrecognized silent myocardial ischemia and its association with atherosclerotic risk factors in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:134–139. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9149(96)00699-6.
    1. May O, Arilsen H, Damsgaard EM, Mickley H. Prevalence and prediction of silent ischemia in diabetes mellitus: a population based study. Cardiovasc Res. 1997;34:241–247. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6363(97)00046-1.
    1. American Diabetes Association. Consensus development conference on the diagnosis of coronary heart disease in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:2231–2239.
    1. Puel J, Valensi P, Vanzetto G. et al.Identification of myocardial ischemia in the diabetic patient. Joint ALFEDIAM and SFC recommendations. Diabetes Metab. 2004;30:S3–S18. doi: 10.1016/S1262-3636(04)72800-1.
    1. Janand-Delenne B, Bory M, Savin B, Vague P, Habib G, Lassmann-Vague V. Silent myocardial ischemia in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1396–1400. doi: 10.2337/diacare.22.9.1396.
    1. Gazzaruso C, De Amici E, Garzaniti A. et al.Assessment of asymptomatic coronary artery disease in apparently uncomplicated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1418–1424. doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.8.1418.
    1. Valensi P, Cosson E, Pariès J. et al.Predictive value of silent myocardial ischemia for cardiac events in diabetic patients. Influence of age in a French multicentre study. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2722–27. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.11.2722.
    1. Katritsis DG, Ioannidis JPA. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus conservative therapy in nonacute coronary artery disease. A meta-analysis. Circulation. 2005;111:2906–2912. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.521864.
    1. Recommandations de la Société Française de Cardiologie concernant la pratique des épreuves d'effort chez l'adulte en cardiologie. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1997;90:77–91.
    1. Normand SL. Meta-analysis: formulating, evaluating, combining, and reporting. Stat Med. 1999;18:321–59. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19990215)18:3<321::AID-SIM28>;2-P.
    1. . Plate-forme de conception et de réalisation de méta-analyses d'essais thérapeutiques.
    1. Young LH, Wackers FJTh, Cyun DA. for the DIAD investigators et al.Detection of silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic diabetic subjects. The DIAD study. JAMA. 2009;301:1547–1555. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.476.
    1. Boden WE, O'Rourke RA, Teo KK, Hartigan PM. COURAGE Trial Research Group et al.Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1503–1516. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa070829.
    1. The BARI 2D study group. A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2503–2515. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0805796. Cardiac Outcomes After Screening for Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes The DIAD Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Source: PubMed

3
S'abonner