Application of laser speckle contrast imaging in laparoscopic surgery

Wido Heeman, Klaas Dijkstra, Christiaan Hoff, Sietze Koopal, Jean-Pierre Pierie, Hessel Bouma, E Christiaan Boerma, Wido Heeman, Klaas Dijkstra, Christiaan Hoff, Sietze Koopal, Jean-Pierre Pierie, Hessel Bouma, E Christiaan Boerma

Abstract

Anastomotic leakage is a worldwide problem in gastrointestinal surgery which seems to be related to the state of microcirculation. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) could give surgeons insight in the state of microcirculation to attune the site of anastomosis. This work studies the feasibility of LSCI as a tool for this purpose. An experimental setup was developed using a commercially available laparoscopic video system. Laser speckle contrast imaging is capable of detecting ischemic areas on the large intestine. Further research and development are required before adaptation of this technique in the operating room.

Conflict of interest statement

Mr. Bouma reports financial support from LIMIS Development B.V. during the conduct of the study. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Endoscopic laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) system setup. a. As used during colon resections and b. as used for the nail fold experiment.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
a. The pseudo-color images of the vascular occlusion test on the colon. a1 and b1 show a color image of the large intestine with green and red laser light respectively. a2/b2-a6/b6 are perfusion maps of the region of interest found in a1 and b1. a2/b2 is during baseline, a3/b3 and a4/b4 are during occlusion, a5/b5 is during reperfusion and a6/b6 is during post occlusion. Red indicates high flow, blue indicates low flow. Black means over/under exposure. The brightness of b1 was increased for illustrative purposes. Also, the laser speckle contrast imaging values normalized on baseline as measured in the 150x150 pixel region of interest using c. a green laser (532nm, n = 9) and d. a red laser (680nm, n = 5) during the vascular occlusion test in the large intestines. Results are normalized using their own baseline level. *p

Fig. 3

An ischemia-reperfusion trace found with…

Fig. 3

An ischemia-reperfusion trace found with laser speckle contrast imaging analysis after a short…

Fig. 3
An ischemia-reperfusion trace found with laser speckle contrast imaging analysis after a short occlusion of ± 7 seconds on the large intestine.

Fig. 4

The pseudo-color images of the…

Fig. 4

The pseudo-color images of the vascular occlusion test on the nail fold. a1…

Fig. 4
The pseudo-color images of the vascular occlusion test on the nail fold. a1 and b1 show a color image of the finger with green and red laser light respectively. a2/b2-a6/b6 are perfusion maps of the region of interest found in a1 and b1 for the green and red laser respectively. a2b/2 is during baseline, a3/b3 and a4/b4 are during occlusion, a5/b5 is during reperfusion and a6/b6 is during post occlusion. Red indicates high flow, blue indicates low flow. Black means over/under exposure. The brightness of b1 was increased for illustrative purposes. Also, the laser speckle contrast imaging values normalized on baseline as measured in the 150x150 pixel region of interest using c. a green laser (532nm, n = 10) and d. a red laser (680nm, n = 10) during the vascular occlusion test in the large intestines. Results are normalized using their own baseline level. *p
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Fig. 3
Fig. 3
An ischemia-reperfusion trace found with laser speckle contrast imaging analysis after a short occlusion of ± 7 seconds on the large intestine.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The pseudo-color images of the vascular occlusion test on the nail fold. a1 and b1 show a color image of the finger with green and red laser light respectively. a2/b2-a6/b6 are perfusion maps of the region of interest found in a1 and b1 for the green and red laser respectively. a2b/2 is during baseline, a3/b3 and a4/b4 are during occlusion, a5/b5 is during reperfusion and a6/b6 is during post occlusion. Red indicates high flow, blue indicates low flow. Black means over/under exposure. The brightness of b1 was increased for illustrative purposes. Also, the laser speckle contrast imaging values normalized on baseline as measured in the 150x150 pixel region of interest using c. a green laser (532nm, n = 10) and d. a red laser (680nm, n = 10) during the vascular occlusion test in the large intestines. Results are normalized using their own baseline level. *p

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