An open label trial of anakinra to prevent respiratory failure in COVID-19
Evdoxia Kyriazopoulou, Periklis Panagopoulos, Symeon Metallidis, George N Dalekos, Garyphallia Poulakou, Nikolaos Gatselis, Eleni Karakike, Maria Saridaki, Georgia Loli, Aggelos Stefos, Danai Prasianaki, Sarah Georgiadou, Olga Tsachouridou, Vasileios Petrakis, Konstantinos Tsiakos, Maria Kosmidou, Vassiliki Lygoura, Maria Dareioti, Haralampos Milionis, Ilias C Papanikolaou, Karolina Akinosoglou, Dimitra-Melia Myrodia, Areti Gravvani, Aliki Stamou, Theologia Gkavogianni, Konstantina Katrini, Theodoros Marantos, Ioannis P Trontzas, Konstantinos Syrigos, Loukas Chatzis, Stamatios Chatzis, Nikolaos Vechlidis, Christina Avgoustou, Stamatios Chalvatzis, Miltiades Kyprianou, Jos Wm van der Meer, Jesper Eugen-Olsen, Mihai G Netea, Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evdoxia Kyriazopoulou, Periklis Panagopoulos, Symeon Metallidis, George N Dalekos, Garyphallia Poulakou, Nikolaos Gatselis, Eleni Karakike, Maria Saridaki, Georgia Loli, Aggelos Stefos, Danai Prasianaki, Sarah Georgiadou, Olga Tsachouridou, Vasileios Petrakis, Konstantinos Tsiakos, Maria Kosmidou, Vassiliki Lygoura, Maria Dareioti, Haralampos Milionis, Ilias C Papanikolaou, Karolina Akinosoglou, Dimitra-Melia Myrodia, Areti Gravvani, Aliki Stamou, Theologia Gkavogianni, Konstantina Katrini, Theodoros Marantos, Ioannis P Trontzas, Konstantinos Syrigos, Loukas Chatzis, Stamatios Chatzis, Nikolaos Vechlidis, Christina Avgoustou, Stamatios Chalvatzis, Miltiades Kyprianou, Jos Wm van der Meer, Jesper Eugen-Olsen, Mihai G Netea, Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis
Abstract
Background: It was studied if early suPAR-guided anakinra treatment can prevent severe respiratory failure (SRF) of COVID-19.
Methods: A total of 130 patients with suPAR ≥6 ng/ml were assigned to subcutaneous anakinra 100 mg once daily for 10 days. Primary outcome was SRF incidence by day 14 defined as any respiratory ratio below 150 mmHg necessitating mechanical or non-invasive ventilation. Main secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and inflammatory mediators; 28-day WHO-CPS was explored. Propensity-matched standard-of care comparators were studied.
Results: 22.3% with anakinra treatment and 59.2% comparators (hazard ratio, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.20-0.46) progressed into SRF; 30-day mortality was 11.5% and 22.3% respectively (hazard ratio 0.49; 95% CI 0.25-0.97). Anakinra was associated with decrease in circulating interleukin (IL)-6, sCD163 and sIL2-R; IL-10/IL-6 ratio on day 7 was inversely associated with SOFA score; patients were allocated to less severe WHO-CPS strata.
Conclusions: Early suPAR-guided anakinra decreased SRF and restored the pro-/anti-inflammatory balance.
Funding: This study was funded by the Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Technomar Shipping Inc, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, and the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme.
Clinical trial number: NCT04357366.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; anakinra; human; immunology; inflammation; interleukin-10; medicine; severe respiratory failure; suPAR.
Conflict of interest statement
EK, SM, NG, EK, MS, GL, AS, DP, SG, OT, VP, KT, MK, VL, MD, IP, KA, DM, AG, AS, TG, KK, TM, IT, KS, LC, SC, NV, CA, SC, MK No competing interests declared, PP honoraria from GILEAD Sciences, Janssen, and MSD, GD Advisor/Lecturer for Abbvie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead, Novartis, Roche, Amgen, MSD, Janssen, Ipsen and Pfizer, has received Grant support from Bristol-Myers Squib, Gilead, Roche, Janssen, Abbvie and Bayer and was or is currently PI in National & International Protocols sponsored by Abbvie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Gilead, Novo Nordisk, Genkyotex, Regulus Therapeutics Inc, Tiziana Life Sciences, Bayer, Astellas, Ipsen, Pfizer and Roche, GP independent educational grants from Pfizer, MSD, Angelini, and Biorad, HM honoraria, consulting fees and non-financial support from healthcare companies, including Amgen, Angelini, Bayer, Mylan, MSD, Pfizer, and Servier, Jv Senior editor, eLife, JE cofounder, shareholder and CSO of ViroGates A7S, Denmark and is named inventor on patents on suPAR owned by Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark, MN supported by an ERC Advanced Grant (#833247) and a Spinoza grant of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. He has also received independent educational grants from TTxD, GSK and ViiV HealthCare, EG Reviewing editor, eLife
© 2021, Kyriazopoulou et al.
Figures
![Figure 1.. Outcome of patients treated with…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/8034977/bin/elife-66125-fig1.jpg)
![Figure 1—figure supplement 1.. Incidence of SRF…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/8034977/bin/elife-66125-fig1-figsupp1.jpg)
![Figure 2.. Effect of anakinra treatment on…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/8034977/bin/elife-66125-fig2.jpg)
![Figure 3.. Effect of anakinra treatment on…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/8034977/bin/elife-66125-fig3.jpg)
![Figure 4.. Allocation of patients into the…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/8034977/bin/elife-66125-fig4.jpg)
![Appendix 1—figure 1.. Trial profile and selection…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/8034977/bin/elife-66125-app1-fig1.jpg)
![Appendix 1—figure 2.. Survival curves until day…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/8034977/bin/elife-66125-app1-fig2.jpg)
![Appendix 1—figure 3.. Cost of hospitalization.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/8034977/bin/elife-66125-app1-fig3.jpg)
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Source: PubMed