Niraparib Maintenance Treatment Improves Time Without Symptoms or Toxicity (TWiST) Versus Routine Surveillance in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A TWiST Analysis of the ENGOT-OV16/NOVA Trial

Abstract

Purpose: This study estimated time without symptoms or toxicity (TWiST) with niraparib compared with routine surveillance (RS) in the maintenance treatment of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.

Patients and methods: Mean progression-free survival (PFS) was estimated for niraparib and RS by fitting parametric survival distributions to Kaplan-Meier data for 553 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer who were enrolled in the phase III ENGOT-OV16/NOVA trial. Patients were categorized according to the presence or absence of a germline BRCA mutation-gBRCAmut and non-gBRCAmut cohorts. Mean time with toxicity was estimated based on the area under the Kaplan-Meier curve for symptomatic grade 2 or greater fatigue, nausea, and vomiting adverse events (AEs). Time with toxicity was the number of days a patient experienced an AE post-random assignment and before disease progression. TWiST was estimated as the difference between mean PFS and time with toxicity. Uncertainty was explored using alternative PFS estimates and considering all symptomatic grade 2 or greater AEs.

Results: In the gBRCAmut and non-gBRCAmut cohorts, niraparib treatment resulted in a mean PFS benefit of 3.23 years and 1.44 years, respectively, and a mean time with toxicity of 0.28 years and 0.10 years, respectively, compared with RS. Hence, niraparib treatment resulted in a mean TWiST benefit of 2.95 years and 1.34 years, respectively, compared with RS, which is equivalent to more than four-fold and two-fold increases in mean TWiST between niraparib and RS in the gBRCAmut and non-gBRCAmut cohorts, respectively. This TWiST benefit was consistent across all sensitivity analyses, including modeling PFS over 5-, 10-, and 15-year time horizons.

Conclusion: Patients who were treated with niraparib compared with RS experienced increased mean TWiST. Thus, patients who were treated with niraparib in the ENGOT-OV16/NOVA trial experienced more time without symptoms or symptomatic toxicities compared with control.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01847274.

Figures

FIG 1.

Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves for progression-free survival (PFS) and generalized gamma distributions over a 20-year time horizon for the (A) gBRCAmut and (B) non-gBRCAmut cohorts, and KM curves for time with toxicity (TOX) for the (C) gBRCAmut and (D) non-gBRCAmut cohorts. gBRCAmut, germline BRCA mutation; RS, routine surveillance.

FIG 2.

Kaplan-Meier curves for time with toxicity (TOX), mean progression-free survival (PFS) generalized gamma distributions, and mean time without symptoms or toxicity (TWiST) for (A) niraparib and (B) routine surveillance (RS) in the gBRCAmut cohort and for (C) niraparib and (D) RS in the non-gBRCAmut cohort over a 20-year time horizon. gBRCAmut, germline BRCA mutation.