Side-by-side comparison of the biological characteristics of human umbilical cord and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Li Hu, Jingqiong Hu, Jiajia Zhao, Jiarong Liu, Weixiang Ouyang, Chao Yang, Niya Gong, Luyang Du, Abhilasha Khanal, Lili Chen, Li Hu, Jingqiong Hu, Jiajia Zhao, Jiarong Liu, Weixiang Ouyang, Chao Yang, Niya Gong, Luyang Du, Abhilasha Khanal, Lili Chen

Abstract

Both human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have been explored as attractive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) sources, but very few parallel comparative studies of these two cell types have been made. We designed a side-by-side comparative study by isolating MSCs from the adipose tissue and umbilical cords from mothers delivering full-term babies and thus compared the various biological aspects of ASCs and UC-MSCs derived from the same individual, in one study. Both types of cells expressed cell surface markers characteristic of MSCs. ASCs and UC-MSCs both could be efficiently induced into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and neuronal phenotypes. While there were no significant differences in their osteogenic differentiation, the adipogenesis of ASCs was more prominent and efficient than UC-MSCs. In the meanwhile, ASCs responded better to neuronal induction methods, exhibiting the higher differentiation rate in a relatively shorter time. In addition, UC-MSCs exhibited a more prominent secretion profile of cytokines than ASCs. These results indicate that although ASCs and UC-MSCs share considerable similarities in their immunological phenotype and pluripotentiality, certain biological differences do exist, which might have different implications for future cell-based therapy.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Morphologies of ASCs and UC-MSCs cultured ex vivo. ((a)–(d)) Morphology of ASCs. (a) P0; (b) P1; (c) P2; (d) P3. ((e)–(h)) Morphology of UC-MSCs. (e) P0; (f) P1; (g) P2; (h) P3. Scale bar = 200 μm. ASCs: adipose mesenchymal stem cell; UC-MSC: human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell, P: passage.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Immunophenotyping of ASCs and UC-MSCs. (a1)–(a4) Flow cytometry analysis of ASC; (b1)–(b4) flow cytometry analysis of UC-MSCs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Proliferation and antiapoptotic ability of ASCs and UC-MSCs. (a) Growth curves of ASCs and UC-MSCs showed that UC-MSCs proliferated significantly faster than ASCs from the fifth day (P < 0.05). (b) Flow cytometric analysis of antiapoptotic ability of ASCs and UC-MSCs. (c) Statistical analysis of antiapoptotic ability of ASCs and UC-MSCs. Results showed that these two types of cells had good antiapoptotic capacity, and there was no significant difference (P > 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Multilineage differentiation of ASCs ((a1), (b1), (c1), and (d1)) and UC-MSCs ((a2), (b2), (c2), and (d2)). (a1) and (a2) Adipogenesis; (b1) and (b2) osteogenesis; (c1) and (c2) neurogenesis; (d1) and (d2) immunofluorescence staining of NSE for neurogenic differentiation. Scale bar = 100 μm.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Relative quantification of osteogenic gene expression using real-time PCR after osteogenic induction in ASC and UC-MSCs. The mRNA levels were normalized using the expression of the reference gene (beta-actin). Results were from three independent experiments. ASC: adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells; UC-MSC: umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Protein microarray analysis of ASC-CM (a) and UC-MSC (b) and changes of difference proportion of a variety of cytokines. Results showed that there were a lot of cytokines in ASC-CM and UC-MSC, and the contents of these cytokines were not exactly the same in two conditioned mediums, and the cytokines whose content had very obvious difference were MIP-2, IL-6, CRO, and MMP-1.

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