Developing a tool for measuring the decision-making competence of older adults

Abstract

The authors evaluated the reliability and validity of a tool for measuring older adults' decision-making competence (DMC). A sample of 205 younger adults (25-45 years), 208 young-older adults (65-74 years), and 198 old-older adults (75-97 years) made judgments and decisions related to health, finance, and nutrition. Reliable indices of comprehension, dimension weighting, and cognitive reflection were developed. Comparison of the performance of old-older and young-older adults was possible in this study, unlike previous research. As hypothesized, old-older adults performed more poorly than young-older adults; both groups of older adults performed more poorly than younger adults. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that a large amount of variance in decision performance across age groups (including mean trends) could be accounted for by social variables, health measures, basic cognitive skills, attitudinal measures, and numeracy. Structural equation modeling revealed significant pathways from 3 exogenous latent factors (crystallized intelligence, other cognitive abilities, and age) to the endogenous DMC latent factor. Further research is needed to validate the meaning of performance on these tasks for real-life decision making.

(c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved

Figures

Figure 1

Example comprehension problem with (a) literal and (b) inferential questions. The correct answer for (a) is Brand D and for (b) is Brand B.

Figure 2

Example consistency problem presenting unordered information (the second presentation shows the same information ordered by gross return).

Figure 3

Example dimension-weighting problem.

Figure 4

Mean difficulty (proportion correct) for comprehension, dimension-weighting, and cognitive-reflection items for each age group.

Figure 5

Structural equation model of relationships between basic cognitive abilities, decision style, age, and decision-making competence.