Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for Development of Human and Veterinary Vaccines

Shin-Hee Kim, Siba K Samal, Shin-Hee Kim, Siba K Samal

Abstract

Viral vaccine vectors have shown to be effective in inducing a robust immune response against the vaccine antigen. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is a promising vaccine vector against human and veterinary pathogens. Avirulent NDV strains LaSota and B1 have long track records of safety and efficacy. Therefore, use of these strains as vaccine vectors is highly safe in avian and non-avian species. NDV replicates efficiently in the respiratory track of the host and induces strong local and systemic immune responses against the foreign antigen. As a vaccine vector, NDV can accommodate foreign sequences with a good degree of stability and as a RNA virus, there is limited possibility for recombination with host cell DNA. Using NDV as a vaccine vector in humans offers several advantages over other viral vaccine vectors. NDV is safe in humans due to host range restriction and there is no pre-existing antibody to NDV in the human population. NDV is antigenically distinct from common human pathogens. NDV replicates to high titer in a cell line acceptable for human vaccine development. Therefore, NDV is an attractive vaccine vector for human pathogens for which vaccines are currently not available. NDV is also an attractive vaccine vector for animal pathogens.

Keywords: Newcastle disease virus; human vaccines; vaccine vector; veterinary vaccines.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Genome organization and transcription scheme of Newcastle disease virus (NDV).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Plasmid-based recovery of recombinant NDV. HEp-2 cells are cotransfected with the antigenome plasmid and expression plasmids encoding the N, P and L proteins of NDV. The T7 RNA polymerase is provided by the recombinant vaccinia MVA/T7 strain.

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