Vitamin E in sarcopenia: current evidences on its role in prevention and treatment

Shy Cian Khor, Norwahidah Abdul Karim, Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah, Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof, Suzana Makpol, Shy Cian Khor, Norwahidah Abdul Karim, Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah, Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof, Suzana Makpol

Abstract

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that is characterized by gradual loss of muscle mass and strength with increasing age. Although the underlying mechanism is still unknown, the contribution of increased oxidative stress in advanced age has been recognized as one of the risk factors of sarcopenia. Thus, eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be a strategy to combat sarcopenia. In this review, we discuss the potential role of vitamin E in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Vitamin E is a lipid soluble vitamin, with potent antioxidant properties and current evidence suggesting a role in the modulation of signaling pathways. Previous studies have shown its possible beneficial effects on aging and age-related diseases. Although there are evidences suggesting an association between vitamin E and muscle health, they are still inconclusive compared to other more extensively studied chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we reviewed the role of vitamin E and its potential protective mechanisms on muscle health based on previous and current in vitro and in vivo studies.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic diagram of the risk factors underlying the progression of sarcopenia. Despite genetic determination, most of the age-related changes are modifiable and can be the target in preventing sarcopenia. Among these factors, increased oxidative stress in aging is more likely to modulate a bunch of signaling cascades that will lead to sarcopenia.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on muscle cells. Accumulation of ROS will affect organelles and cell membranes. Alteration on genes and proteins expression leads to muscle wasting during aging. The important mechanisms involved are apoptosis and proteolysis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Role of vitamin E on cell membrane repair. During muscle contraction, production of ROS may cause membrane injury which is repaired by vitamin E [131].

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