Effects of high-intensity circuit training, low-intensity circuit training and endurance training on blood pressure and lipoproteins in middle-aged overweight men

Antonio Paoli, Quirico F Pacelli, Tatiana Moro, Giuseppe Marcolin, Marco Neri, Giuseppe Battaglia, Giuseppe Sergi, Francesco Bolzetta, Antonino Bianco, Antonio Paoli, Quirico F Pacelli, Tatiana Moro, Giuseppe Marcolin, Marco Neri, Giuseppe Battaglia, Giuseppe Sergi, Francesco Bolzetta, Antonino Bianco

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the physiological effects of an high-intensity circuit training (HICT) on several cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy, overweight middle-aged subjects, and to compare the effects of HICT to traditional endurance training (ET) and low-intensity circuit training (LICT).

Methods: Fifty-eight participants (ages 61 ± 3.3 yrs, BMI 29.8 ± 0.9) were randomly assigned to one of the three exercise treatment groups: HICT, LICT and ET. The three groups exercised three times per week, 50 min per session for 12 weeks. Baseline and after intervention anthropometric characteristics: body weight (BW), fat mass (FM); blood pressure: diastolic (DBP) and systolic (SBP), blood parameters; CHOL-t (total cholesterol), LDL-C (low density lipoprotein-cholesterol), HDL-C (high density lipoprotein-cholesterol), TG (triglycerides), ApoB and ratio ApoB/ApoA1 were measured.

Results: Compared to other groups, HICT showed significantly higher reductions in FM, DBP, CHOLt, LDL-C, TG, ApoB and significantly greater increases in high density HDL-C. LICT resulted in the greatest reduction in SBP. All groups showed a significant improvement of BW without any significant differences between groups.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that high-intensity circuit training is more effective in improving blood pressure, lipoproteins and triglycerides than endurance training alone or lower intensity circuit training.

References

    1. Smith SC Jr, Allen J, Blair SN, Bonow RO, Brass LM, Fonarow GC, Grundy SM, Hiratzka L, Jones D, Krumholz HM. AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update: endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Circulation. 2006;113(19):2363–72. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174516.
    1. Cadore EL, Izquierdo M, Alberton CL, Pinto RS, Conceicao M, Cunha G, Radaelli R, Bottaro M, Trindade GT, Kruel LF. Strength prior to endurance intra-session exercise sequence optimizes neuromuscular and cardiovascular gains in elderly men. Exp Gerontol. 2012;47(2):164–169. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.11.013.
    1. Cadore EL, Izquierdo M, Pinto SS, Alberton CL, Pinto RS, Baroni BM, Vaz MA, Lanferdini FJ, Radaelli R, Gonzalez-Izal M, Bottaro M, Kruel LF. Neuromuscular adaptations to concurrent training in the elderly: effects of intrasession exercise sequence. Age (Dordr) 2013;35(3):891–903. doi: 10.1007/s11357-012-9405-y.
    1. Romero-Arenas S, Blazevich AJ, Martinez-Pascual M, Perez-Gomez J, Luque AJ, Lopez-Roman FJ, Alcaraz PE. Effects of high-resistance circuit training in an elderly population. Exp Gerontol. 2013;48(3):334–340. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.01.007.
    1. Iwamoto J, Sato Y, Takeda T, Matsumoto H. Effectiveness of exercise in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis, knee osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2010;22(2):116–122.
    1. Peterson MD, Rhea MR, Sen A, Gordon PM. Resistance exercise for muscular strength in older adults: a meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2010;9(3):226–237. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.03.004.
    1. Hunter GR, Byrne NM, Sirikul B, Fernandez JR, Zuckerman PA, Darnell BE, Gower BA. Resistance training conserves fat-free mass and resting energy expenditure following weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16(5):1045–1051. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.38.
    1. Paoli A, Moro T, Marcolin G, Neri M, Bianco A, Palma A, Grimaldi K. High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIRT) influences resting energy expenditure and respiratory ratio in non-dieting individuals. J Transl Med. 2012;10(1):237. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-237.
    1. American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(3):687–708. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181915670.
    1. Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Impact of progressive resistance training on lipids and lipoproteins in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prev Med. 2009;48(1):9–19. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.10.010.
    1. Kelley GA, Kelley KS, Roberts S, Haskell W. Comparison of aerobic exercise, diet or both on lipids and lipoproteins in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(2):156–167. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.11.011.
    1. Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, French DN. Resistance training for health and performance. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2002;1(3):165–171. doi: 10.1249/00149619-200206000-00007.
    1. Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, Fiatarone Singh MA, Minson CT, Nigg CR, Salem GJ, Skinner JS. American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(7):1510–1530. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c.
    1. Liu CJ, Latham NK. Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;3(3) CD002759.
    1. Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, Macera CA, Heath GW, Thompson PD, Bauman A. American College of Sports Medicine, American Heart Association. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007;116(9):1081–1093.
    1. D'hooge R, Hellinckx T, Van Laethem C, Stegen S, De Schepper J, Van Aken S, Dewolf D, Calders P. Influence of combined aerobic and resistance training on metabolic control, cardiovascular fitness and quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2011;25(4):349–359. doi: 10.1177/0269215510386254.
    1. Strasser B, Siebert U, Schobersberger W. Resistance training in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of resistance training on metabolic clustering in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism. Sports Med. 2010;40(5):397–415. doi: 10.2165/11531380-000000000-00000.
    1. Marzolini S, Oh PI, Brooks D. Effect of combined aerobic and resistance training versus aerobic training alone in individuals with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Cardioll. 2012;19(1):81–94. doi: 10.1177/1741826710393197.
    1. Paoli A, Pacelli F, Bargossi AM, Marcolin G, Guzzinati S, Neri M, Bianco A, Palma A. Effects of three distinct protocols of fitness training on body composition, strength and blood lactate. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2010;50(1):43–51.
    1. Bateman LA, Slentz CA, Willis LH, Shields AT, Piner LW, Bales CW, Houmard JA, Kraus WE. Comparison of aerobic versus resistance exercise training effects on metabolic syndrome (from the Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention Through Defined Exercise - STRRIDE-AT/RT) Am J Cardiol. 2011;108(6):838–844. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.04.037.
    1. Willis LH, Slentz CA, Bateman LA, Shields AT, Piner LW, Bales CW, Houmard JA, Kraus WE. Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults. J Appl Physiol. 2012;113(12):1831–1837. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01370.2011.
    1. Swain DP. Moderate or vigorous intensity exercise: which is better for improving aerobic fitness? Prev Cardiol. 2005;8(1):55–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1520-037X.2005.02791.x.
    1. Swain DP, Franklin BA. Comparison of cardioprotective benefits of vigorous versus moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97(1):141–147. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.07.130.
    1. Whaley MH, Brubaker PH, Otto RM, Armstrong LE. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.
    1. Howley ET, Franks BD. Health fitness instructor's handbook. Champaign IL US: Human Kinetics Publishers; 2003.
    1. Hurtig-Wennlof A, Hagstromer M, Olsson LA. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire modified for the elderly: aspects of validity and feasibility. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(11):1847–1854. doi: 10.1017/S1368980010000157.
    1. Gazi IF, Elisaf M. LDL-cholesterol calculation formulas in patients with or without the metabolic syndrome. Int J Cardiol. 2007;119(3):414–415. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.07.139.
    1. Laskey MA. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and body composition. Nutrition. 1996;12(1):45–51. doi: 10.1016/0899-9007(95)00017-8.
    1. Lohman M, Tallroth K, Kettunen JA, Marttinen MT. Reproducibility of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry total and regional body composition measurements using different scanning positions and definitions of regions. Metabolism. 2009;58(11):1663–1668. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.05.023.
    1. Kaaks R, Slimani N, Riboli E. Pilot phase studies on the accuracy of dietary intake measurements in the EPIC project: overall evaluation of results. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Epidemiol. 1997;26(1):S26–36.
    1. Camarda SR, Tebexreni AS, Pafaro CN, Sasai FB, Tambeiro VL, Juliano Y, Barros Neto TL. Comparison of maximal heart rate using the prediction equations proposed by Karvonen and Tanaka. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008;91(5):311–314. doi: 10.1590/S0066-782X2008001700005.
    1. de Salles BF, Simao R, Miranda F, Novaes Jda S, Lemos A, Willardson JM. Rest interval between sets in strength training. Sports Med. 2009;39(9):765–777. doi: 10.2165/11315230-000000000-00000.
    1. Balady GJ, Chaitman B, Driscoll D, Foster C, Froelicher E, Gordon N, Pate R, Rippe J, Bazzarre T. Recommendations for cardiovascular screening, staffing, and emergency policies at health/fitness facilities. Circulation. 1998;97(22):2283–2293. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.97.22.2283.
    1. Paoli A, Bianco A. Not all exercises are created equal. Am J Cardiol. 2012;109(2):305. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.10.011.
    1. Paoli A. Resistance training: the multifaceted side of exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012;302(3):E387. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00541.2011.
    1. Stensvold D, Tjonna AE, Skaug EA, Aspenes S, Stolen T, Wisloff U, Slordahl SA. Strength training versus aerobic interval training to modify risk factors of metabolic syndrome. J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(4):804–810. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00996.2009.
    1. Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Tambalis KD, Chrysohoou C, Sidossis LS, Skoumas J, Stefanadis C. Resistance exercise plus to aerobic activities is associated with better lipids' profile among healthy individuals: the ATTICA study. QJM. 2009;102(9):609–616. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcp083.
    1. Anonymous American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990;22(2):265–274.
    1. Anonymous American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(6):975–991. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199806000-00032.
    1. MacDougall JD, Gibala MJ, Tarnopolsky MA, MacDonald JR, Interisano SA, Yarasheski KE. The time course for elevated muscle protein synthesis following heavy resistance exercise. Can J Appl Physiol. 1995;20(4):480–486. doi: 10.1139/h95-038.
    1. Gasier HG, Fluckey JD, Previs SF, Wiggs MP, Riechman SE. Acute resistance exercise augments integrative myofibrillar protein synthesis. Metabolism. 2012;61(2):153–156. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.07.001.
    1. Borsheim E, Bahr R. Effect of exercise intensity, duration and mode on post-exercise oxygen consumption. Sports Med. 2003;33(14):1037–1060. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200333140-00002.
    1. Gibala M. Molecular responses to high-intensity interval exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009;34(3):428–432. doi: 10.1139/H09-046.
    1. de Almeida JC, Alves CL, de Abreu LC, Sato MA, Fonseca FL, de Mello Monteiro CB, Vanderlei LC, Macedo H Jr, Tavares CM, Herrero D, Rodrigues LM, Valenti VE. Involvement of the atrial natriuretic peptide in cardiovascular pathophysiology and its relationship with exercise. Int Arch Med. 2012;5(1):4. doi: 10.1186/1755-7682-5-4.
    1. Souza SC, Chau MD, Yang Q, Gauthier MS, Clairmont KB, Wu Z, Gromada J, Dole WP. Atrial natriuretic peptide regulates lipid mobilization and oxygen consumption in human adipocytes by activating AMPK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011;410(3):398–403. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.143.
    1. Pedersen BK. Muscles and their myokines. J Exp Biol. 2011;214(Pt 2):337–346.
    1. Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ, Hawley JA. Physiological adaptations to low-volume, high-intensity interval training in health and disease. J Physiol. 2012;590(5):1077–1084. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.224725.
    1. Cornelissen VA, Fagard RH, Coeckelberghs E, Vanhees L. Impact of resistance training on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Hypertension. 2011;58(5):950–958. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.177071.
    1. Moro T, Thomas E, Bosco G. Blood pressure and heart rate response to two resistance training technique of different intensity. EJSS-Journal. Epub ahead of print.
    1. Collier SR, Kanaley JA, Carhart R Jr, Frechette V, Tobin MM, Hall AK, Luckenbaugh AN, Fernhall B. Effect of 4 weeks of aerobic or resistance exercise training on arterial stiffness, blood flow and blood pressure in pre- and stage-1 hypertensives. J Hum Hypertens. 2008;22(10):678–686. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2008.36.
    1. Geisler S, Brinkmann C, Schiffer T, Kreutz T, Bloch W, Brixius K. The influence of resistance training on patients with metabolic syndrome–significance of changes in muscle fiber size and muscle fiber distribution. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(9):2598–2604. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318201bf67.
    1. Stewart KJ, Bacher AC, Turner K, Lim JG, Hees PS, Shapiro EP, Tayback M, Ouyang P. Exercise and risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in older adults. Am J Prev Med. 2005;28(1):9–18. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.006.
    1. Durstine JL, Grandjean PW, Cox CA, Thompson PD. Lipids, lipoproteins, and exercise. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2002;22(6):385–398. doi: 10.1097/00008483-200211000-00002.
    1. Dalleck LC, Allen BA, Hanson BA, Borresen EC, Erickson ME, De Lap SL. Dose–response relationship between moderate-intensity exercise duration and coronary heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2009;18(1):105–113. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2008.0790.
    1. Bemben DA, Bemben MG. Effects of resistance exercise and body mass index on lipoprotein-lipid patterns of postmenopausal women. J Strength Cond Res. 2000;14(1):80–85.
    1. Boyden TW, Pamenter RW, Going SB, Lohman TG, Hall MC, Houtkooper LB, Bunt JC, Ritenbaugh C, Aickin M. Resistance exercise training is associated with decreases in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in premenopausal women. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153(1):97. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1993.00410010119011.
    1. Wooten JS, Phillips MD, Mitchell JB, Patrizi R, Pleasant RN, Hein RM, Menzies RD, Barbee JJ. Resistance exercise and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Int J Sports Med. 2011;32(1):7–13. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1268008.
    1. Tambalis K, Panagiotakos DB, Kavouras SA, Sidossis LS. Responses of blood lipids to aerobic, resistance, and combined aerobic with resistance exercise training: a systematic review of current evidence. Angiology. 2009;60(5):614–632. doi: 10.1177/0003319708324927.
    1. Jane ML, Ho CC, Chen SC, Huang YC, Lai CH, Liaw YP. A simple method for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: a pilot study of combination aerobic and resistance exercise training. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2012.
    1. Ruschke K, Fishbein L, Dietrich A, Kloting N, Tonjes A, Oberbach A, Fasshauer M, Jenkner J, Schon MR, Stumvoll M, Bluher M, Mantzoros CS. Gene expression of PPARgamma and PGC-1alpha in human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues is related to insulin resistance markers and mediates beneficial effects of physical training. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010;162(3):515–523. doi: 10.1530/EJE-09-0767.

Source: PubMed

Sponsors et collaborateurs

Les conditions médicales

Interventions en matière de drogue

3
S'abonner