Controlled human wood smoke exposure: oxidative stress, inflammation and microvascular function

Lykke Forchhammer, Peter Møller, Ingunn Skogstad Riddervold, Jakob Bønløkke, Andreas Massling, Torben Sigsgaard, Steffen Loft, Lykke Forchhammer, Peter Møller, Ingunn Skogstad Riddervold, Jakob Bønløkke, Andreas Massling, Torben Sigsgaard, Steffen Loft

Abstract

Background: Exposure to wood smoke is associated with respiratory symptoms, whereas knowledge on systemic effects is limited. We investigated effects on systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and microvascular function (MVF) after controlled wood smoke exposure.

Methods: In a randomised, double-blinded, cross-over study 20 non-smoking atopic subjects were exposed at rest to 14, 220, or 354 μg/m3 of particles from a well-burning modern wood stove for 3 h in a climate controlled chamber with 2 week intervals. We investigated the level of oxidatively damaged DNA, inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules before and 0, 6 and 20 h after exposure. Six h after exposure we measured MVF non-invasively by digital peripheral artery tonometry following arm ischemia.

Results: The MVF score was unaltered after inhalation of clean air (1.58 ± 0.07; mean ± SEM), low (1.51 ± 0.07) or high (1.61 ± 0.09) concentrations of wood smoke particles in atopic subjects, whereas unexposed non-atopic subjects had higher score (1.91 ± 0.09). The level of oxidatively damaged DNA, mRNA of ITGAL, CCL2, TNF, IL6, IL8, HMOX1, and OGG1 and surface marker molecules ICAM1, ITGAL and L-selectin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were not affected by inhalation of wood smoke particles.

Conclusions: Exposure to wood smoke had no effect on markers of oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell adhesion, cytokines or MVF in atopic subjects.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean mobility particle number size distribution obtained during the sessions of different exposure types representing two size modes of particulate matter in the climate chamber. The data are from [23] and the error bars are SEM.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Microvascular function (MVF) score 6 h after termination of each of the different exposures (n = 20). Each symbol corresponds to a person, whereas the bars represent the mean of each exposure. The mean ± SEM were 1.61 ± 0.09, 1.51 ± 0.09, 1.55 ± 0.08 in the subjects exposed to clean air, low and high content of wood smoke particles, respectively.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Level of DNA damage in PBMCs measured 4 times during 24 h after each of the different wood smoke exposure scenarios (n = 20). The figure is divided in three sections. The dark grey section depicts the FPG sensitive sites. The light grey section depicts the EndoIII sensitive sites and the white section depicts the SB.

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