A review of social participation interventions for people with mental health problems

Martin Webber, Meredith Fendt-Newlin, Martin Webber, Meredith Fendt-Newlin

Abstract

Purpose: The association between social networks and improved mental and physical health is well documented in the literature, but mental health services rarely routinely intervene to improve an individual's social network. This review summarises social participation intervention models to illustrate different approaches which practitioners use, highlight gaps in the evidence base and suggest future directions for research.

Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted, and social participation interventions were grouped into six categories using a modified narrative synthesis approach.

Results: Nineteen interventions from 14 countries were identified, six of which were evaluated using a randomised controlled trial. They were grouped together as: individual social skills training; group skills training; supported community engagement; group-based community activities; employment interventions; and peer support interventions. Social network gains appear strongest for supported community engagement interventions, but overall, evidence was limited.

Conclusions: The small number of heterogeneous studies included in this review, which were not quality appraised, tentatively suggests that social participation interventions may increase individuals' social networks. Future research needs to use experimental designs with sufficient samples and follow-up periods longer than 12 months to enable us to make firm recommendations for mental health policy or practice.

Keywords: Interpersonal relationships; Psychosocial intervention; Review; Social isolation; Social networks.

Conflict of interest statement

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

References

    1. Cohen S. Social relationships and health. Am Psychol. 2004;59(8):676–684. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.8.676.
    1. Uchino BN. Social support and health: a review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes. J Behav Med. 2006;29(4):377–387. doi: 10.1007/s10865-006-9056-5.
    1. Buchanan J. Social support and schizophrenia: a review of the literature. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 1995;9(2):68–76. doi: 10.1016/S0883-9417(95)80003-4.
    1. Shor E, Roelfs DJ, Yogev T. The strength of family ties: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of self-reported social support and mortality. Soc Netw. 2013;35(4):626–638. doi: 10.1016/j.socnet.2013.08.004.
    1. Valtorta NK, Kanaan M, Gilbody S, Ronzi S, Hanratty B. Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies. Heart. 2016;102(13):1009–1016. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308790.
    1. Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Baker M, Harris T, Stephenson D. Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2015;10(2):227–237. doi: 10.1177/1745691614568352.
    1. Walsh E, Leese M, Taylor P, Johnston I, Burns T, Creed F, Higgit A, Murray R. Psychosis in high-security and general psychiatric services. Report from the UK700 and Special Hospitals’ Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia groups. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;180(4):351–357. doi: 10.1192/bjp.180.4.351.
    1. Anderson K, Laxhman N, Priebe S. Can mental health interventions change social networks? A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15:297. doi: 10.1186/s12888-015-0684-6.
    1. Killaspy H, White S, Lalvani N, Berg R, Thachil A, Kallumpuram S, Nasiruddin O, Wright C, Mezey G. The impact of psychosis on social inclusion and associated factors. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2014;60(2):148–154. doi: 10.1177/0020764012471918.
    1. Thornicroft G, Strathdee G, Phelan M, Holloway F, Wykes T, Dunn G, McCrone P, Leese M, Johnson S, Szmukler G. Rationale and design. PRiSM psychosis study I. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;173(5):363–370. doi: 10.1192/bjp.173.5.363.
    1. Harvey CA, Pantelis C, Taylor J, McCabe PJ, Lefevre K, Campbell PG, Hirsch SR. The Camden schizophrenia surveys II. High prevalence of schizophrenia in an inner London borough and its relationship to socio-demographic factors. Br J Psychiatry. 1996;168(4):418–426. doi: 10.1192/bjp.168.4.418.
    1. Almquist YB, Landstedt E, Hammarström A. Associations between social support and depressive symptoms: social causation or social selection—or both? Eur J Public Health. 2017;27(1):84–89.
    1. Stilo SA, Di Forti M, Mondelli V, Falcone AM, Russo M, O’Connor J, Palmer E, Paparelli A, Kolliakou A, Sirianni M, Taylor H, Handley R, Dazzan P, Pariante C, Marques TR, Zoccali R, David A, Murray RM, Morgan C. Social disadvantage: cause or consequence of impending psychosis? Schizophr Bull. 2013;39(6):1288–1295. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbs112.
    1. Kawachi I, Berkman LF. Social ties and mental health. J Urban Health. 2001;78(3):458–467. doi: 10.1093/jurban/78.3.458.
    1. Marroquín B, Nolen-Hoeksema S. Emotion regulation and depressive symptoms: close relationships as social context and influence. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2015;109(5):836–855. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000034.
    1. Becker T, Thornicroft G, Leese M, McCrone P, Johnson S, Albert M, Turner D. Social networks and service use among representative cases of psychosis in south London. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:15–19. doi: 10.1192/bjp.171.1.15.
    1. Harvey CA, Jeffreys SE, McNaught AS, Blizard RA, King MB. The Camden schizophrenia surveys III: five-year outcome of a sample of individuals from a prevalence survey and the importance of social relationships. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2007;53(4):340–356. doi: 10.1177/0020764006074529.
    1. Choenarom C, Williams RA, Hagerty BM. The role of sense of belonging and social support on stress and depression in individuals with depression. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2005;19(1):18–29. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2004.11.003.
    1. De Silva MJ, McKenzie K, Harpham T, Huttly SRA. Social capital and mental illness: a systematic review. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005;59(8):619–627. doi: 10.1136/jech.2004.029678.
    1. Pinto RM. Using social network interventions to improve mentally ill clients’ well-being. Clin Soc Work J. 2006;34(1):83–100. doi: 10.1007/s10615-005-0005-5.
    1. Haber MG, Cohen JL, Lucas T, Baltes BB. The relationship between self-reported received and perceived social support: a meta-analytic review. Am J Community Psychol. 2007;39(10):133–144. doi: 10.1007/s10464-007-9100-9.
    1. Davidson L, Harding C, Spaniol L. Recovery from severe mental illnesses: research evidence and Implications for practice. Center for psychiatric rehabilitation. Boston: Boston University; 2005.
    1. Snethen G, McCormick BP, Van Puymbroeck M. Community involvement, planning and coping skills: pilot outcomes of a recreational-therapy intervention for adults with schizophrenia. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(18):1575–1584. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2011.650315.
    1. Newlin M, Morris D, Howarth S, Webber M. Social participation interventions for adults with mental health problems: a review and narrative synthesis. Soc Work Res. 2015;39(3):167–180. doi: 10.1093/swr/svv015.
    1. Mossabir R, Morris R, Kennedy A, Blickem C, Rogers A. A scoping review to understand the effectiveness of linking schemes from healthcare providers to community resources to improve the health and well-being of people with long-term conditions. Health Soc Care Community. 2015;23(5):467–484. doi: 10.1111/hsc.12176.
    1. Webber M. Social capital and mental health. In: Tew J, editor. Social perspectives in mental health. Developing social models to understand and work with mental distress. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2005. pp. 90–111.
    1. Webber M, Huxley P, Harris T. Social capital and the course of depression: six-month prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord. 2011;129(1–2):149–157. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.08.005.
    1. Popay J, Roberts H, Sowden A, Petticrew M, Arai L, Britten N (2006) Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews: final report. ESRC Methods Programme, Manchester
    1. Huprich SK, Clancy C, Bornstein RF, Nelson-Gray RO. Do dependency and social skills combine to predict depression? Linking two diatheses in mood disorders research. Individ Differ Res. 2004;2(1):2–16.
    1. Glynn SM, Marder SR, Liberman RP, Blair K, Wirshing WC, Wirshing DA, Ross D, Mintz J. Supplementing clinic-based skills training with manual-based community support sessions: effects on social adjustment of patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(5):829–837. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.5.829.
    1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: treatment and management. NICE clinical guideline 178. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2014.
    1. Almerie MQ, Al Marhi MO, Alsabbagh M, Jawoosh M, Matar HE, Maayan N, Bergman H. Social skills programmes for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2. 2015
    1. Koekkoek B, van Meijel B, Schene A, Hutschemaekers G. Development of an intervention program to increase effective behaviours by patients and clinicians in psychiatric services: intervention Mapping study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10(1):293. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-293.
    1. Koekkoek B, van Meijel B, Schene A, Smit A, Kaasenbrood A, Hutschemaekers G. Interpersonal community psychiatric treatment for non-psychotic chronic patients and nurses in outpatient mental health care: a controlled pilot study on feasibility and effects. Int J Nurs Stud. 2012;49(5):549–559. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.11.003.
    1. Knott G, Bannigan K. A Critical Review of the approved mental health professional role and occupational therapy. Br J Occup Ther. 2013;76(3):118–126. doi: 10.4276/030802213X13627524435108.
    1. Gammonley D, Luken K. Peer education and advocacy through recreation and leadership. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2001;25(2):170–178. doi: 10.1037/h0095028.
    1. Geurtsen GJ, Martina JD, Van Heugten CM, Geurts ACH. A prospective study to evaluate a new residential community reintegration programme for severe chronic brain injury: the Brain Integration Programme. Brain Inj. 2008;22(7–8):545–554. doi: 10.1080/02699050802132479.
    1. Haslam C, Cruwys T, Haslam S, Dingle G, Chang MX-L. GROUPS 4 HEALTH: evidence that a social-identity intervention that builds and strengthens social group membership improves mental health. J Affect Disord. 2016;194:188–195. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.010.
    1. Tajfel H, Turner J (1979) An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In: Austin WG, Worchel S (eds) The Social Psychology of intergroup relations. Brooks/Cole, Monterey, CA, pp 33–47
    1. Turner JC, Hogg MA, Oakes PJ, Reicher SD, Wetherell MS. Rediscovering the Social group: a self-categorization theory. New York: Blackwell; 1987.
    1. Iyer A, Jetten J, Tsivrikos D. Torn between identities: predictors of adjustment to identity change. In: Sani F, editor. Self-continuity: individual and collective perspectives. New York: Psychology Press; 2008. pp. 187–197.
    1. Roberts DL, Penn DL, Combs DR. Social cognition and interaction training (SCIT): treatment manual. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016.
    1. Bartholomeusz CF, Allott K, Killackey E, Liu P, Wood SJ, Thompson A. Social cognition training as an intervention for improving functional outcome in first-episode psychosis: a feasibility study. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2013;7(4):421–426. doi: 10.1111/eip.12036.
    1. Chan RC, Gao XJ, Li XY, Li HH, Cui JF, Deng YY, Wang Y. The social cognition and interaction training (SCIT): an extension to individuals with schizotypal personality features. Psychiatry Res. 2010;178(1):208–210. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.03.017.
    1. Roberts DL, Combs DR, Willoughby M, Mintz J, Gibson C, Rupp B, Penn DL. A randomized, controlled trial of social cognition and interaction training (SCIT) for outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Br J Clin Psychol. 2014;53(3):281–298. doi: 10.1111/bjc.12044.
    1. Hasson-Ohayon I, Mashiach-Eizenberg M, Avidan M, Roberts DL, Roe D (2014) Social cognition and interaction training: preliminary results of an RCT in a community setting in Israel. Psychiatric services (Washington, DC) 65 (4):555–558. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201300146
    1. Wang Y, Roberts DL, Xu B, Cao R, Yan M, Jiang Q. Social cognition and interaction training for patients with stable schizophrenia in Chinese community settings. Psychiatry Res. 2013;210(3):751–755. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.08.038.
    1. Mead N, Lester H, Chew-Graham C, Gask L, Bower P. Effects of befriending on depressive symptoms and distress: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;196(2):96–101. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.064089.
    1. Sheridan AJ, Drennan J, Coughlan B, O’Keeffe D, Frazer K, Kemple M, Alexander D, Howlin F, Fahy A, Kow V, O’Callaghan E. Improving social functioning and reducing social isolation and loneliness among people with enduring mental illness: Report of a randomised controlled trial of supported socialisation. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2015;61(3):241–250. doi: 10.1177/0020764014540150.
    1. Barbato A, Agnetti G, D’Avanzo B, Frova M, Guerrini A, Tettamanti M. Outcome of community-based rehabilitation program for people with mental illness who are considered difficult to treat. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2007;44(6):775–783. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2007.02.0041.
    1. Middelboe T. Prospective study of clinical and social outcome of stay in small group homes for people with mental illness. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171(3):251–255. doi: 10.1192/bjp.171.3.251.
    1. Terzian E, Tognoni G, Bracco R, De Ruggieri E, Ficociello RA, Mezzina R, Pillo G. Social network intervention in patients with schizophrenia and marked social withdrawal: a randomized controlled study. Can J Psychiatry. 2013;58(11):622–631. doi: 10.1177/070674371305801108.
    1. Webber M, Reidy H, Ansari D, Stevens M, Morris D. Developing and modelling complex social interventions: introducing the connecting people intervention. Res Soc Work Pract. 2016;26(1):14–19. doi: 10.1177/1049731515578687.
    1. Webber M, Morris D, Howarth S, Newlin M, Treacy S, McCrone P Effect of the Connecting People Intervention on social capital: a pilot study. Res Soc Work Pract (under review)
    1. Harrop C, Ellett L, Brand R, Lobban F. Friends interventions in psychosis: a narrative review and call to action. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2015;9(4):269–278. doi: 10.1111/eip.12172.
    1. Seikkula J, Olson ME. The open dialogue approach to acute psychosis: its poetics and micropolitics. Fam Process. 2003;42(3):403–418. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2003.00403.x.
    1. Seikkula J, Alakare B, Aaltonen J. The comprehensive open-dialogue approach in Western Lapland: II. Long-term stability of acute psychosis outcomes in advanced community care. Psychosis Psychol Soc Integr Approaches. 2011;3(3):192–204.
    1. Seikkula J, Aaltonen J, Alakare B, Haarakangas K, Keränen J, Lehtinen K. Five-year experience of first-episode nonaffective psychosis in open-dialogue approach: treatment principles, follow-up outcomes, and two case studies. Psychother Res. 2006;16(2):214–228. doi: 10.1080/10503300500268490.
    1. Gonzalez MT, Hartig T, Patil GG, Martinsen EW, Kirkevold M. A prospective study of group cohesiveness in therapeutic horticulture for clinical depression. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2011;20(2):119–129. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0349.2010.00689.x.
    1. O’Brien L, Burls A, Townsend M, Ebden M. Volunteering in nature as a way of enabling people to reintegrate into society. Perspect Public Health. 2011;131(2):71–81. doi: 10.1177/1757913910384048.
    1. Spandler H, Secker J, Kent L, Hacking S, Shenton J. Catching life: the contribution of arts initiatives to recovery approaches in mental health. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2007;14(8):791–799. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2007.01174.x.
    1. Hacking S, Secker J, Spandler H, Kent L, Shenton J. Evaluating the impact of participatory art projects for people with mental health needs. Health Soc Care Community. 2008;16(6):638–648. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2008.00789.x.
    1. Lin N. Social Capital. A theory of social structure and action. Structural analysis in the social sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2001.
    1. Kinoshita Y, Furukawa TA, Kinoshita K, Honyashiki M, Omori IM, Marshall M, Bond GR, Huxley P, Amano N, Kingdon D (2013) Supported employment for adults with severe mental illness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD14008297.pub14651852
    1. Nieminen I, Ramon S, Dawson I, Flores P, Leahy E, Pedersen ML, Kaunonen M. Experiences of social inclusion and employment of mental health service users in a European union project. Int J Ment Health. 2012;41(4):3–23. doi: 10.2753/IMH0020-7411410401.
    1. Ramon S, Griffiths CA, Nieminen I, Pedersen M, Dawson I. Towards social inclusion through lifelong learning in mental health: analysis of change in the lives of the Emilia project service users. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2011;57(3):211–223. doi: 10.1177/0020764009354943.
    1. Meddings S, McGregor J, Roeg W, Shepherd G. Recovery colleges: quality and outcomes. Ment Health Soc Incl. 2015;19(4):212–221. doi: 10.1108/MHSI-08-2015-0035.
    1. Roy MJ, Donaldson C, Baker R, Kerr S. The potential of social enterprise to enhance health and well-being: a model and systematic review. Soc Sci Med. 2014;123:182–193. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.031.
    1. AP-y Ho, Chan K-t. The social impact of work-integration social enterprise in Hong Kong. Int Soc Work. 2010;53(1):33–45. doi: 10.1177/0020872809348950.
    1. Castelein S, Bruggeman R, van Busschbach JT, van der Gaag M, Stant AD, Knegtering H, Wiersma D. The effectiveness of peer support groups in psychosis: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2008;118(1):64–72. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01216.x.
    1. James J, Rivera PD, Ann M, Sullivan MD, Stavros Valenti PD S. Adding consumer-providers to intensive case management: does it improve outcome? Psychiatr Serv. 2007;58(6):802–809. doi: 10.1176/ps.2007.58.6.802.
    1. Lloyd-Evans B, Mayo-Wilson E, Harrison B, Istead H, Brown E, Pilling S, Johnson S, Kendall T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of peer support for people with severe mental illness. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14(1):39. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-39.
    1. Evans-Lacko S, Corker E, Williams P, Henderson C, Thornicroft G. Effect of the time to change anti-stigma campaign on trends in mental-illness-related public stigma among the English population in 2003–13: an analysis of survey data. Lancet Psychiatry. 2014;1(2):121–128. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70243-3.
    1. Granovetter MS. The strength of weak ties. Am J Sociol. 1973;78(6):1360–1380. doi: 10.1086/225469.
    1. Whitelaw S, Thirlwall C, Morrison A, Osborne J, Tattum L, Walker S. Developing and implementing a social prescribing initiative in primary care: insights into the possibility of normalisation and sustainability from a UK case study. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2017;18(2):112–121. doi: 10.1017/S1463423616000219.
    1. Kennedy A, Vassilev I, James E, Rogers A. Implementing a social network intervention designed to enhance and diversify support for people with long-term conditions. A qualitative study. Implement Sci. 2016;11(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s13012-016-0384-8.
    1. Marshall T, Goldberg RW, Braude L, Dougherty RH, Daniels AS, Ghose SS, George P, Delphin-Rittmon ME. Supported employment: assessing the evidence. Psychiatr Serv. 2014;65(1):16–23. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201300262.
    1. Jacob KS. DSM-5 and culture: the need to move towards a shared model of care within a more equal patient-physician partnership. Asian J Psychiatr. 2014;7(1):89–91. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.11.012.

Source: PubMed

Sponsors et collaborateurs

Les conditions médicales

Interventions en matière de drogue

3
S'abonner