Some basic aspects of HLA-G biology

Estibaliz Alegre, Roberta Rizzo, Daria Bortolotti, Sara Fernandez-Landázuri, Enrico Fainardi, Alvaro González, Estibaliz Alegre, Roberta Rizzo, Daria Bortolotti, Sara Fernandez-Landázuri, Enrico Fainardi, Alvaro González

Abstract

Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a low polymorphic nonclassical HLA-I molecule restrictively expressed and with suppressive functions. HLA-G gene products are quite complex, with seven HLA-G isoforms, four membrane bound, and other three soluble isoforms that can suffer different posttranslational modifications or even complex formations. In addition, HLA-G has been described included in exosomes. In this review we will focus on HLA-G biochemistry with special emphasis to the mechanisms that regulate its expression and how the protein modifications affect the quantification in biological fluids.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
HLA-G unique promoter region. Enhancer A element (ΚB1, ΚB2, Sp1): NF-ΚB; interferon-stimulated regulatory element (ISRE); interferon regulatory factor (IRF); interferon-gamma activated site (GAS); SXY region; progesterone response element (PRE); hypoxia response element (HRE).
Figure 2
Figure 2
HLA-G isoforms and conformations. Membrane and soluble HLA-G isoforms are reported as monomeric and dimeric conformation Zilberman, Eur J Immunol 2012 [23].

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