Progression of Postprandial Blood Plasma Phospholipids Following Acute Intake of Different Dairy Matrices: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Rebekka Thøgersen, Ida Emilie I Lindahl, Bekzod Khakimov, Louise Kjølbæk, Klaus Juhl Jensen, Arne Astrup, Marianne Hammershøj, Anne Raben, Hanne Christine Bertram, Rebekka Thøgersen, Ida Emilie I Lindahl, Bekzod Khakimov, Louise Kjølbæk, Klaus Juhl Jensen, Arne Astrup, Marianne Hammershøj, Anne Raben, Hanne Christine Bertram

Abstract

Studies have indicated that the dairy matrix can affect postprandial responses of dairy products, but little is known about the effect on postprandial plasma phospholipid levels. This study investigated postprandial plasma phospholipid levels following consumption of four different dairy products that are similar in micro and macro nutrients, but different in texture and structure: cheddar cheese (Cheese), homogenized cheddar cheese (Hom. Cheese), micellar casein isolate with cream (MCI Drink) or a gel made from the MCI Drink (MCI Gel). The study was an acute randomized, crossover trial in human volunteers with four test days. Blood samples were collected during an 8 h postprandial period and the content of 53 plasma phospholipids was analysed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). No meal-time interactions were revealed; however, for nine of the 53 phospholipids, a meal effect was found. Thus, the results indicated a lower plasma level of specific lyso-phosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs) and lyso-phosphatidylcholines (LPCs) following consumption of the MCI Gel compared to the MCI Drink and Hom. Cheese, which might be attributed to an effect of viscosity. However, further studies are needed in order to reveal more details on the effect of the dairy matrix on postprandial phospholipids.

Keywords: casein; cheese; food structure; milk phospholipids; phospholipidomics.

Conflict of interest statement

R.T., I.E.I.L., B.K., L.K., M.H., A.R. and H.C.B. declare no conflict of interest. K.J.J. is employed by Arla Foods Amba, Denmark. AA is currently employed by the Novo Nordisk Foundation to establish a National Centre for Healthy Weight in Denmark. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Relative level of LPE 18:1 in plasma samples. Data were analyzed by repeated measures using a linear mixed model. Overall participant and within-visit participant differences were included as random factors and the analyses were adjusted for BMI, age and visit. q-values indicate FDR-adjusted p-values for meal–time interactions (qmeal*time), the effect of meal (qmeal) and the effect of time (qtime). * indicate significant differences (q < 0.05). (B) p-values obtained from Tukey’s all-pairwise comparison conducted when a significant meal effect was observed in repeated measures analysis. # indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Relative level of LPC 16:3 in plasma samples. Data were analyzed by repeated measures using a linear mixed model. Overall participant and within-visit participant differences were included as random factors and the analyses were adjusted for BMI, age and visit. q-values indicate FDR-adjusted p-values for meal–time interactions (qmeal * time), the effect of meal (qmeal) and the effect of time (qtime). * indicate significant differences (q < 0.05). (B) p-values obtained from Tukey’s all-pairwise comparison conducted when a significant meal effect was observed in repeated measures analysis. # indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Study design.

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