Socioeconomic status, psychosocial resources and risk, and cardiometabolic risk in Mexican-American women

Abstract

Objectives: The current study examined the contributions of psychosocial factors to the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) risk, in a randomly selected community cohort of 304 middle-aged (40-65 years old) Mexican-American women, a population at elevated cardiometabolic risk.

Methods: Participants underwent a clinical exam and measures of demographic factors and psychosocial resource (i.e., personal and social resources) and risk (i.e., negative emotions and cognitions) variables. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation models (SEMs) were performed in the total sample and in more- and less-U.S.-acculturated women (defined by language preference) separately.

Results: CFAs revealed single latent constructs for SES (i.e., income, education) and psychosocial resources/risk. Three-factor solution was identified, with blood pressure (systolic diastolic), lipids (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol triglycerides), and metabolic variables (glucose waist circumference) forming separate factors. SEMs showed that an indirect effects model with SES relating to MetSyn factors through psychosocial resources/risk provided a reasonable descriptive and statistical fit in the full and more-acculturated sample (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] and standardized root-mean-square residual < .08); fit in the less-acculturated sample was marginal according to RMSEA = .09. A significant mediated path from low SES to higher waist circumference/fasting glucose via lower psychosocial resources/higher psychosocial risk was identified in the overall and more-acculturated samples (p < .05).

Conclusions: In this cohort of healthy, middle-aged Mexican-American women, contributions of psychosocial factors to SES-MetSyn associations were limited to the core underlying metabolic mechanisms, and to more-U.S.-acculturated women.

Figures

Figure 1

Results of analyses investigating the indirect pathways from SES to MetSyn 1 (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), MetSyn 2 (serum triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and MetSyn 3 (plasma glucose and waist circumference) via the psychosocial resources/risk latent variable. Standardized structural/path coefficients represent overall sample, more US acculturated (English speaking), less US acculturated (Spanish speaking). Analyses control for age (in years) and use of medications potentially relevant to MetSyn indicators. *p < .05.