The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children

M Isabel Ordiz, Thaddaeus D May, Kathie Mihindukulasuriya, John Martin, Jan Crowley, Phillip I Tarr, Kelsey Ryan, Elissa Mortimer, Geetha Gopalsamy, Ken Maleta, Makedonka Mitreva, Graeme Young, Mark J Manary, M Isabel Ordiz, Thaddaeus D May, Kathie Mihindukulasuriya, John Martin, Jan Crowley, Phillip I Tarr, Kelsey Ryan, Elissa Mortimer, Geetha Gopalsamy, Ken Maleta, Makedonka Mitreva, Graeme Young, Mark J Manary

Abstract

Background: Resistant starch (RS) decreases intestinal inflammation in some settings. We tested the hypothesis that gut inflammation will be reduced with dietary supplementation with RS in rural Malawian children. Eighteen stunted 3-5-year-old children were supplemented with 8.5 g/day of RS type 2 for 4 weeks. The fecal samples were analyzed for the microbiota, the microbiome, short chain fatty acids, metabolome, and proteins indicative of inflammation before and after the intervention. Subjects served as their own controls.

Results: The consumption of RS changed the composition of the microbiota; at the phylum level Actinobacteria increased, while Firmicutes decreased. Among the most prevalent genera, Lactobacillus was increased and Roseburia, Blautia, and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis were decreased. The Shannon H index at the genus level decreased from 2.02 on the habitual diet and 1.76 after the introduction of RS (P < 0.01). Fecal acetate concentration decreased, and fecal propionate concentration increased after RS administration (-5.2 and 2.0 μmol/g, respectively). Fecal calprotectin increased from 29 ± 69 to 89 ± 49 μg/g (P = 0.003) after RS was given. The lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway was upregulated.

Conclusions: Our findings do not support the hypothesis that RS reduces gut inflammation in rural Malawian children.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01811836.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
16S RNA bacterial sequences represent in fecal samples from 18 Malawian children before and after adding RS to their diet. Pie charts of average values of relative abundance (percentage of sequences) of the most abundant bacterial groups: phyla (a), and genus (b) found in the fecal microbiota
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
LEfse rank plot of differentially abundant pathways in gut microbiomes initial vs. final samples. LDA scores were given for different abundance of pathways before (habitual diet: green) and after the resistant starch was added to the habitual diet (habitual diet + RS: red)

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