Comparison of Autonomic Control of Blood Pressure During Standing and Artificial Gravity Induced via Short-Arm Human Centrifuge

Ajay K Verma, Da Xu, Michelle Bruner, Amanmeet Garg, Nandu Goswami, Andrew P Blaber, Kouhyar Tavakolian, Ajay K Verma, Da Xu, Michelle Bruner, Amanmeet Garg, Nandu Goswami, Andrew P Blaber, Kouhyar Tavakolian

Abstract

Autonomic control of blood pressure is essential toward maintenance of cerebral perfusion during standing, failure of which could lead to fainting. Long-term exposure to microgravity deteriorates autonomic control of blood pressure. Consequently, astronauts experience orthostatic intolerance on their return to gravitational environment. Ground-based studies suggest sporadic training in artificial hypergravity can mitigate spaceflight deconditioning. In this regard, short-arm human centrifuge (SAHC), capable of creating artificial hypergravity of different g-loads, provides an auspicious training tool. Here, we compare autonomic control of blood pressure during centrifugation creating 1-g and 2-g at feet with standing in natural gravity. Continuous blood pressure was acquired simultaneously from 13 healthy participants during supine baseline, standing, supine recovery, centrifugation of 1-g, and 2-g, from which heart rate (RR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were derived. The autonomic blood pressure regulation was assessed via spectral analysis of RR and SBP, spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, and non-linear heart rate and blood pressure causality (RR↔SBP). While majority of these blood pressure regulatory indices were significantly different (p < 0.05) during standing and 2-g centrifugation compared to baseline, no change (p > 0.05) was observed in the same indices during 2-g centrifugation compared to standing. The findings of the study highlight the capability of artificial gravity (2-g at feet) created via SAHC toward evoking blood pressure regulatory controls analogous to standing, therefore, a potential utility toward mitigating deleterious effects of microgravity on cardiovascular performance and minimizing post-flight orthostatic intolerance in astronauts.

Keywords: artificial gravity; astronauts; blood pressure regulation; cardiovascular deconditioning; long duration spaceflight; microgravity; orthostatic intolerance; short-arm human centrifuge.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Dynamics of RR intervals (A) and blood pressure (B) i.e., systolic blood pressure (SBP) (black), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (blue), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (red) in response to different experimental conditions for one participant (male, age: 35 years, height: 175 cm, weight: 76 kg).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Distribution of SBP and RR intervals spectral power (n.u.). The figure details RR (A–C) and SBP (D–F) spectral power distribution in the VLF (0–0.04 Hz), LF (0.04–0.15 Hz, and HF (0.15–0.4 Hz) bands during baseline (BL), stand (S), recovery (REC), 1-g, and 2-g experimental protocol.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity determined via sequence method. Figure details the distribution of up slope BRS (A), down slope BRS (B) during baseline (BL), stand (S), recovery (REC), 1-g, and 2-g experimental protocol.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Boxplot representation of non-baroreflex (A) and baroreflex (B) causalities in response to baseline (BL), stand (S), recovery (REC), 1-g, and 2-g experimental protocol.

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