Obesity Expands a Distinct Population of T Cells in Adipose Tissue and Increases Vulnerability to Infection
Ichiro Misumi, Joshua Starmer, Toru Uchimura, Melinda A Beck, Terry Magnuson, Jason K Whitmire, Ichiro Misumi, Joshua Starmer, Toru Uchimura, Melinda A Beck, Terry Magnuson, Jason K Whitmire
Abstract
Obesity in humans is associated with poorer health outcomes after infections compared with non-obese individuals. Here, we examined the effects of white adipose tissue and obesity on T cell responses to viral infection in mice. We show that lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) grows to high titer in adipose tissue. Virus-specific T cells enter the adipose tissue to resolve infection but then remain as a memory population distinct from memory T cells in lymphoid tissues. Memory T cells in adipose tissue are abundant in lean mice, and diet-induced obesity further increases memory T cell number in adipose tissue and spleen. Upon re-challenge infection, memory T cells rapidly cause severe pathogenesis, leading to increases in lipase levels, calcification of adipose tissue, pancreatitis, and reduced survival in obese mice but not lean mice. Thus, obesity leads to a unique form of viral pathogenesis involving memory T cell-dependent adipocyte destruction and damage to other tissues.
Keywords: LCMV; T cell memory; Trm; obesity; pancreatitis; tissue-resident memory T cells; white adipose tissue.
Conflict of interest statement
DECLARATION OF INTERESTS
The authors declare no competing interests.
Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Figures
![Figure 1.. LCMV Infection of White Adipose…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6652206/bin/nihms-1534186-f0002.jpg)
Figure 2.. Virus-Specific T Cells Accumulate in…
Figure 2.. Virus-Specific T Cells Accumulate in WAT
Virus-specific T cells in adipose tissue and…
Figure 3.. A Distinct Subset of Memory…
Figure 3.. A Distinct Subset of Memory T Cells in WAT
(A and B) B6…
Figure 4.. Diet-Induced Obesity Increases Memory T…
Figure 4.. Diet-Induced Obesity Increases Memory T Cell Number
Mice were fed lean or high-fat…
Figure 5.. Immune Obese Mice Develop T…
Figure 5.. Immune Obese Mice Develop T Cell-Dependent Lethal Acute Pancreatitis upon Re-challenge
Cohorts of…
Figure 6.. Memory T Cells Mediate Acute…
Figure 6.. Memory T Cells Mediate Acute Pancreatitis and Adipose Tissue Necrosis
Cohorts of lean…
- Obesity increases the production of proinflammatory mediators from adipose tissue T cells and compromises TCR repertoire diversity: implications for systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.Yang H, Youm YH, Vandanmagsar B, Ravussin A, Gimble JM, Greenway F, Stephens JM, Mynatt RL, Dixit VD. Yang H, et al. J Immunol. 2010 Aug 1;185(3):1836-45. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000021. Epub 2010 Jun 25. J Immunol. 2010. PMID: 20581149 Free PMC article.
- CD40 promotes MHC class II expression on adipose tissue macrophages and regulates adipose tissue CD4+ T cells with obesity.Morris DL, Oatmen KE, Mergian TA, Cho KW, DelProposto JL, Singer K, Evans-Molina C, O'Rourke RW, Lumeng CN. Morris DL, et al. J Leukoc Biol. 2016 Jun;99(6):1107-19. doi: 10.1189/jlb.3A0115-009R. Epub 2015 Dec 11. J Leukoc Biol. 2016. PMID: 26658005 Free PMC article.
- Dietary flaxseed oil reduces adipocyte size, adipose monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels and T-cell infiltration in obese, insulin-resistant rats.Baranowski M, Enns J, Blewett H, Yakandawala U, Zahradka P, Taylor CG. Baranowski M, et al. Cytokine. 2012 Aug;59(2):382-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.004. Epub 2012 May 14. Cytokine. 2012. PMID: 22592037
- Reduction of otherwise remarkably stable virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte memory by heterologous viral infections.Selin LK, Vergilis K, Welsh RM, Nahill SR. Selin LK, et al. J Exp Med. 1996 Jun 1;183(6):2489-99. doi: 10.1084/jem.183.6.2489. J Exp Med. 1996. PMID: 8676069 Free PMC article.
- A Unique Population: Adipose-Resident Regulatory T Cells.Zeng Q, Sun X, Xiao L, Xie Z, Bettini M, Deng T. Zeng Q, et al. Front Immunol. 2018 Sep 28;9:2075. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02075. eCollection 2018. Front Immunol. 2018. PMID: 30323806 Free PMC article. Review.
- Beyond energy balance regulation: The underestimated role of adipose tissues in host defense against pathogens.Barthelemy J, Bogard G, Wolowczuk I. Barthelemy J, et al. Front Immunol. 2023 Mar 2;14:1083191. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083191. eCollection 2023. Front Immunol. 2023. PMID: 36936928 Free PMC article. Review.
- Severely ill and high-risk COVID-19 patients exhibit increased peripheral circulation of CD62L+ and perforin+ T cells.Lesteberg KE, Araya P, Waugh KA, Chauhan L, Espinosa JM, Beckham JD. Lesteberg KE, et al. Front Immunol. 2023 Feb 2;14:1113932. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113932. eCollection 2023. Front Immunol. 2023. PMID: 36817450 Free PMC article.
- Aging augments obesity-induced thymic involution and peripheral T cell exhaustion altering the "obesity paradox".Vick LV, Collins CP, Khuat LT, Wang Z, Dunai C, Aguilar EG, Stoffel K, Yendamuri S, Smith R Jr, Mukherjee S, Barbi J, Canter RJ, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ. Vick LV, et al. Front Immunol. 2023 Jan 26;13:1012016. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012016. eCollection 2022. Front Immunol. 2023. PMID: 36776393 Free PMC article.
- Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and Fibrosis in Adipose Tissue: Overview and Perspectives.Sun K, Li X, Scherer PE. Sun K, et al. Compr Physiol. 2023 Jan 30;13(1):4387-4407. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c220020. Compr Physiol. 2023. PMID: 36715281 Free PMC article.
- Metabolic syndrome and aberrant immune responses to viral infection and vaccination: Insights from small animal models.Geerling E, Hameed M, Weger-Lucarelli J, Pinto AK. Geerling E, et al. Front Immunol. 2022 Nov 30;13:1015563. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015563. eCollection 2022. Front Immunol. 2022. PMID: 36532060 Free PMC article. Review.
-
- Cinti S, Mitchell G, Barbatelli G, Murano I, Ceresi E, Faloia E, Wang S, Fortier M, Greenberg AS, and Obin MS (2005). Adipocyte death defines macrophage localization and function in adipose tissue of obese mice and humans. J. Lipid Res 46, 2347–2355. - PubMed
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Adipose Tissue / physiology*
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity / genetics*
- Obesity / pathology
- T-Lymphocytes / metabolism*
- Full Text Sources
- Medical
- Molecular Biology Databases
- Miscellaneous
NCBI Literature Resources
The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
![Figure 2.. Virus-Specific T Cells Accumulate in…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6652206/bin/nihms-1534186-f0003.jpg)
![Figure 3.. A Distinct Subset of Memory…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6652206/bin/nihms-1534186-f0004.jpg)
Figure 4.. Diet-Induced Obesity Increases Memory T…
Figure 4.. Diet-Induced Obesity Increases Memory T Cell Number
Mice were fed lean or high-fat…
Figure 5.. Immune Obese Mice Develop T…
Figure 5.. Immune Obese Mice Develop T Cell-Dependent Lethal Acute Pancreatitis upon Re-challenge
Cohorts of…
Figure 6.. Memory T Cells Mediate Acute…
Figure 6.. Memory T Cells Mediate Acute Pancreatitis and Adipose Tissue Necrosis
Cohorts of lean…
- Obesity increases the production of proinflammatory mediators from adipose tissue T cells and compromises TCR repertoire diversity: implications for systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.Yang H, Youm YH, Vandanmagsar B, Ravussin A, Gimble JM, Greenway F, Stephens JM, Mynatt RL, Dixit VD. Yang H, et al. J Immunol. 2010 Aug 1;185(3):1836-45. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000021. Epub 2010 Jun 25. J Immunol. 2010. PMID: 20581149 Free PMC article.
- CD40 promotes MHC class II expression on adipose tissue macrophages and regulates adipose tissue CD4+ T cells with obesity.Morris DL, Oatmen KE, Mergian TA, Cho KW, DelProposto JL, Singer K, Evans-Molina C, O'Rourke RW, Lumeng CN. Morris DL, et al. J Leukoc Biol. 2016 Jun;99(6):1107-19. doi: 10.1189/jlb.3A0115-009R. Epub 2015 Dec 11. J Leukoc Biol. 2016. PMID: 26658005 Free PMC article.
- Dietary flaxseed oil reduces adipocyte size, adipose monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels and T-cell infiltration in obese, insulin-resistant rats.Baranowski M, Enns J, Blewett H, Yakandawala U, Zahradka P, Taylor CG. Baranowski M, et al. Cytokine. 2012 Aug;59(2):382-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.004. Epub 2012 May 14. Cytokine. 2012. PMID: 22592037
- Reduction of otherwise remarkably stable virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte memory by heterologous viral infections.Selin LK, Vergilis K, Welsh RM, Nahill SR. Selin LK, et al. J Exp Med. 1996 Jun 1;183(6):2489-99. doi: 10.1084/jem.183.6.2489. J Exp Med. 1996. PMID: 8676069 Free PMC article.
- A Unique Population: Adipose-Resident Regulatory T Cells.Zeng Q, Sun X, Xiao L, Xie Z, Bettini M, Deng T. Zeng Q, et al. Front Immunol. 2018 Sep 28;9:2075. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02075. eCollection 2018. Front Immunol. 2018. PMID: 30323806 Free PMC article. Review.
- Beyond energy balance regulation: The underestimated role of adipose tissues in host defense against pathogens.Barthelemy J, Bogard G, Wolowczuk I. Barthelemy J, et al. Front Immunol. 2023 Mar 2;14:1083191. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083191. eCollection 2023. Front Immunol. 2023. PMID: 36936928 Free PMC article. Review.
- Severely ill and high-risk COVID-19 patients exhibit increased peripheral circulation of CD62L+ and perforin+ T cells.Lesteberg KE, Araya P, Waugh KA, Chauhan L, Espinosa JM, Beckham JD. Lesteberg KE, et al. Front Immunol. 2023 Feb 2;14:1113932. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113932. eCollection 2023. Front Immunol. 2023. PMID: 36817450 Free PMC article.
- Aging augments obesity-induced thymic involution and peripheral T cell exhaustion altering the "obesity paradox".Vick LV, Collins CP, Khuat LT, Wang Z, Dunai C, Aguilar EG, Stoffel K, Yendamuri S, Smith R Jr, Mukherjee S, Barbi J, Canter RJ, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ. Vick LV, et al. Front Immunol. 2023 Jan 26;13:1012016. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012016. eCollection 2022. Front Immunol. 2023. PMID: 36776393 Free PMC article.
- Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and Fibrosis in Adipose Tissue: Overview and Perspectives.Sun K, Li X, Scherer PE. Sun K, et al. Compr Physiol. 2023 Jan 30;13(1):4387-4407. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c220020. Compr Physiol. 2023. PMID: 36715281 Free PMC article.
- Metabolic syndrome and aberrant immune responses to viral infection and vaccination: Insights from small animal models.Geerling E, Hameed M, Weger-Lucarelli J, Pinto AK. Geerling E, et al. Front Immunol. 2022 Nov 30;13:1015563. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015563. eCollection 2022. Front Immunol. 2022. PMID: 36532060 Free PMC article. Review.
-
- Cinti S, Mitchell G, Barbatelli G, Murano I, Ceresi E, Faloia E, Wang S, Fortier M, Greenberg AS, and Obin MS (2005). Adipocyte death defines macrophage localization and function in adipose tissue of obese mice and humans. J. Lipid Res 46, 2347–2355. - PubMed
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Adipose Tissue / physiology*
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity / genetics*
- Obesity / pathology
- T-Lymphocytes / metabolism*
- Full Text Sources
- Medical
- Molecular Biology Databases
- Miscellaneous
NCBI Literature Resources
The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
![Figure 4.. Diet-Induced Obesity Increases Memory T…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6652206/bin/nihms-1534186-f0005.jpg)
Figure 5.. Immune Obese Mice Develop T…
Figure 5.. Immune Obese Mice Develop T Cell-Dependent Lethal Acute Pancreatitis upon Re-challenge
Cohorts of…
Figure 6.. Memory T Cells Mediate Acute…
Figure 6.. Memory T Cells Mediate Acute Pancreatitis and Adipose Tissue Necrosis
Cohorts of lean…
- Obesity increases the production of proinflammatory mediators from adipose tissue T cells and compromises TCR repertoire diversity: implications for systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.Yang H, Youm YH, Vandanmagsar B, Ravussin A, Gimble JM, Greenway F, Stephens JM, Mynatt RL, Dixit VD. Yang H, et al. J Immunol. 2010 Aug 1;185(3):1836-45. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000021. Epub 2010 Jun 25. J Immunol. 2010. PMID: 20581149 Free PMC article.
- CD40 promotes MHC class II expression on adipose tissue macrophages and regulates adipose tissue CD4+ T cells with obesity.Morris DL, Oatmen KE, Mergian TA, Cho KW, DelProposto JL, Singer K, Evans-Molina C, O'Rourke RW, Lumeng CN. Morris DL, et al. J Leukoc Biol. 2016 Jun;99(6):1107-19. doi: 10.1189/jlb.3A0115-009R. Epub 2015 Dec 11. J Leukoc Biol. 2016. PMID: 26658005 Free PMC article.
- Dietary flaxseed oil reduces adipocyte size, adipose monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels and T-cell infiltration in obese, insulin-resistant rats.Baranowski M, Enns J, Blewett H, Yakandawala U, Zahradka P, Taylor CG. Baranowski M, et al. Cytokine. 2012 Aug;59(2):382-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.004. Epub 2012 May 14. Cytokine. 2012. PMID: 22592037
- Reduction of otherwise remarkably stable virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte memory by heterologous viral infections.Selin LK, Vergilis K, Welsh RM, Nahill SR. Selin LK, et al. J Exp Med. 1996 Jun 1;183(6):2489-99. doi: 10.1084/jem.183.6.2489. J Exp Med. 1996. PMID: 8676069 Free PMC article.
- A Unique Population: Adipose-Resident Regulatory T Cells.Zeng Q, Sun X, Xiao L, Xie Z, Bettini M, Deng T. Zeng Q, et al. Front Immunol. 2018 Sep 28;9:2075. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02075. eCollection 2018. Front Immunol. 2018. PMID: 30323806 Free PMC article. Review.
- Beyond energy balance regulation: The underestimated role of adipose tissues in host defense against pathogens.Barthelemy J, Bogard G, Wolowczuk I. Barthelemy J, et al. Front Immunol. 2023 Mar 2;14:1083191. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083191. eCollection 2023. Front Immunol. 2023. PMID: 36936928 Free PMC article. Review.
- Severely ill and high-risk COVID-19 patients exhibit increased peripheral circulation of CD62L+ and perforin+ T cells.Lesteberg KE, Araya P, Waugh KA, Chauhan L, Espinosa JM, Beckham JD. Lesteberg KE, et al. Front Immunol. 2023 Feb 2;14:1113932. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113932. eCollection 2023. Front Immunol. 2023. PMID: 36817450 Free PMC article.
- Aging augments obesity-induced thymic involution and peripheral T cell exhaustion altering the "obesity paradox".Vick LV, Collins CP, Khuat LT, Wang Z, Dunai C, Aguilar EG, Stoffel K, Yendamuri S, Smith R Jr, Mukherjee S, Barbi J, Canter RJ, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ. Vick LV, et al. Front Immunol. 2023 Jan 26;13:1012016. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012016. eCollection 2022. Front Immunol. 2023. PMID: 36776393 Free PMC article.
- Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and Fibrosis in Adipose Tissue: Overview and Perspectives.Sun K, Li X, Scherer PE. Sun K, et al. Compr Physiol. 2023 Jan 30;13(1):4387-4407. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c220020. Compr Physiol. 2023. PMID: 36715281 Free PMC article.
- Metabolic syndrome and aberrant immune responses to viral infection and vaccination: Insights from small animal models.Geerling E, Hameed M, Weger-Lucarelli J, Pinto AK. Geerling E, et al. Front Immunol. 2022 Nov 30;13:1015563. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015563. eCollection 2022. Front Immunol. 2022. PMID: 36532060 Free PMC article. Review.
-
- Cinti S, Mitchell G, Barbatelli G, Murano I, Ceresi E, Faloia E, Wang S, Fortier M, Greenberg AS, and Obin MS (2005). Adipocyte death defines macrophage localization and function in adipose tissue of obese mice and humans. J. Lipid Res 46, 2347–2355. - PubMed
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Adipose Tissue / physiology*
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity / genetics*
- Obesity / pathology
- T-Lymphocytes / metabolism*
- Full Text Sources
- Medical
- Molecular Biology Databases
- Miscellaneous
NCBI Literature Resources
The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
![Figure 5.. Immune Obese Mice Develop T…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6652206/bin/nihms-1534186-f0006.jpg)
Figure 6.. Memory T Cells Mediate Acute…
Figure 6.. Memory T Cells Mediate Acute Pancreatitis and Adipose Tissue Necrosis
Cohorts of lean…
- Obesity increases the production of proinflammatory mediators from adipose tissue T cells and compromises TCR repertoire diversity: implications for systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.Yang H, Youm YH, Vandanmagsar B, Ravussin A, Gimble JM, Greenway F, Stephens JM, Mynatt RL, Dixit VD. Yang H, et al. J Immunol. 2010 Aug 1;185(3):1836-45. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000021. Epub 2010 Jun 25. J Immunol. 2010. PMID: 20581149 Free PMC article.
- CD40 promotes MHC class II expression on adipose tissue macrophages and regulates adipose tissue CD4+ T cells with obesity.Morris DL, Oatmen KE, Mergian TA, Cho KW, DelProposto JL, Singer K, Evans-Molina C, O'Rourke RW, Lumeng CN. Morris DL, et al. J Leukoc Biol. 2016 Jun;99(6):1107-19. doi: 10.1189/jlb.3A0115-009R. Epub 2015 Dec 11. J Leukoc Biol. 2016. PMID: 26658005 Free PMC article.
- Dietary flaxseed oil reduces adipocyte size, adipose monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels and T-cell infiltration in obese, insulin-resistant rats.Baranowski M, Enns J, Blewett H, Yakandawala U, Zahradka P, Taylor CG. Baranowski M, et al. Cytokine. 2012 Aug;59(2):382-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.004. Epub 2012 May 14. Cytokine. 2012. PMID: 22592037
- Reduction of otherwise remarkably stable virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte memory by heterologous viral infections.Selin LK, Vergilis K, Welsh RM, Nahill SR. Selin LK, et al. J Exp Med. 1996 Jun 1;183(6):2489-99. doi: 10.1084/jem.183.6.2489. J Exp Med. 1996. PMID: 8676069 Free PMC article.
- A Unique Population: Adipose-Resident Regulatory T Cells.Zeng Q, Sun X, Xiao L, Xie Z, Bettini M, Deng T. Zeng Q, et al. Front Immunol. 2018 Sep 28;9:2075. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02075. eCollection 2018. Front Immunol. 2018. PMID: 30323806 Free PMC article. Review.
- Beyond energy balance regulation: The underestimated role of adipose tissues in host defense against pathogens.Barthelemy J, Bogard G, Wolowczuk I. Barthelemy J, et al. Front Immunol. 2023 Mar 2;14:1083191. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083191. eCollection 2023. Front Immunol. 2023. PMID: 36936928 Free PMC article. Review.
- Severely ill and high-risk COVID-19 patients exhibit increased peripheral circulation of CD62L+ and perforin+ T cells.Lesteberg KE, Araya P, Waugh KA, Chauhan L, Espinosa JM, Beckham JD. Lesteberg KE, et al. Front Immunol. 2023 Feb 2;14:1113932. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113932. eCollection 2023. Front Immunol. 2023. PMID: 36817450 Free PMC article.
- Aging augments obesity-induced thymic involution and peripheral T cell exhaustion altering the "obesity paradox".Vick LV, Collins CP, Khuat LT, Wang Z, Dunai C, Aguilar EG, Stoffel K, Yendamuri S, Smith R Jr, Mukherjee S, Barbi J, Canter RJ, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ. Vick LV, et al. Front Immunol. 2023 Jan 26;13:1012016. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012016. eCollection 2022. Front Immunol. 2023. PMID: 36776393 Free PMC article.
- Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and Fibrosis in Adipose Tissue: Overview and Perspectives.Sun K, Li X, Scherer PE. Sun K, et al. Compr Physiol. 2023 Jan 30;13(1):4387-4407. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c220020. Compr Physiol. 2023. PMID: 36715281 Free PMC article.
- Metabolic syndrome and aberrant immune responses to viral infection and vaccination: Insights from small animal models.Geerling E, Hameed M, Weger-Lucarelli J, Pinto AK. Geerling E, et al. Front Immunol. 2022 Nov 30;13:1015563. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015563. eCollection 2022. Front Immunol. 2022. PMID: 36532060 Free PMC article. Review.
-
- Cinti S, Mitchell G, Barbatelli G, Murano I, Ceresi E, Faloia E, Wang S, Fortier M, Greenberg AS, and Obin MS (2005). Adipocyte death defines macrophage localization and function in adipose tissue of obese mice and humans. J. Lipid Res 46, 2347–2355. - PubMed
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Adipose Tissue / physiology*
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity / genetics*
- Obesity / pathology
- T-Lymphocytes / metabolism*
- Full Text Sources
- Medical
- Molecular Biology Databases
- Miscellaneous
![Figure 6.. Memory T Cells Mediate Acute…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6652206/bin/nihms-1534186-f0007.jpg)
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Source: PubMed