Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma hominis in urogenital tract of Brazilian women

Guilherme Barreto Campos, Tássia Neves Lobão, Nathan Neves Selis, Aline Teixeira Amorim, Hellen Braga Martins, Maysa Santos Barbosa, Thiago Henrique Caldeira Oliveira, Djanilson Barbosa dos Santos, Tiana Baqueiro Figueiredo, Lucas Miranda Marques, Jorge Timenetsky, Guilherme Barreto Campos, Tássia Neves Lobão, Nathan Neves Selis, Aline Teixeira Amorim, Hellen Braga Martins, Maysa Santos Barbosa, Thiago Henrique Caldeira Oliveira, Djanilson Barbosa dos Santos, Tiana Baqueiro Figueiredo, Lucas Miranda Marques, Jorge Timenetsky

Abstract

Background: The role of Mycoplasma hominis and M. genitalium in urogenital tract infections remains unknown. Furthermore these mollicutes present a complex relationship with the host immune response. The role of inflammatory cytokines in infections also makes them good candidates to investigate bacterial vaginosis and mycoplasma genital infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect the above-mentioned mollicutes by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) methodologies in vaginal swabs and dosage of cytokines.

Methods: Vaginal swabs and peripheral blood were collected from 302 women, including healthy individuals. The molecular findings were correlated with some individual behavioral variables, clinical and demographic characteristics, presence of other important microorganisms in vaginal swabs, and levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6.

Results: M. hominis and M. genitalium were detected in 31.8% and 28.1% of samples, respectively. The qPCR results were associated with clinical signs and symptoms of the infections studied. The frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis was 3.0%, 21.5%, 42.4%, and 1.7% respectively. Increased levels of IL-1β were associated with the presence of M. hominis and signs and/or symptoms of the genital infection of women studied.

Conclusion: IL-1β production was associated with the detection of M. hominis by qPCR. The sexual behavior of women studied was associated with the detection of mycoplasma and other agents of genital infections.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Quantification of IL-1β and IL-6 (pg/mL) by ELISA in plasma samples. (A) Concentration of IL-1β (pg/mL) in the plasma of groups of women qPCR positive and negative for M. hominis; (B) Concentration of IL-6 (pg/mL) in the plasma of groups of women qPCR positive and negative for M. hominis(C) Concentration of IL-1β (pg/mL) in plasma of women M. hominis qPCR-positive from case and control groups (D) Concentration of IL-6 (pg/mL) in plasma of women M. hominis qPCR-positive from case and control groups. (E) Concentration of IL-1β (pg/mL) in the plasma of groups of women qPCR positive and negative for M. genitalium; (F) Concentration of IL-6 (pg/mL) in the plasma of groups of women qPCR positive and negative for M. genitalium(G) Concentration of IL-1β (pg/mL) in plasma of women M. genitalium qPCR-positive from case and control groups (H) Concentration of IL-6 (pg/mL) in plasma of women M. genitalium qPCR-positive from case and control groups. Standard deviation and mean are indicated by solid lines in the graph. Statistical analysis by Mann Whitney. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

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