Pembrolizumab Versus Placebo as Second-Line Therapy in Patients From Asia With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Trial

Shukui Qin, Zhendong Chen, Weijia Fang, Zhenggang Ren, Ruocai Xu, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Zhiqiang Meng, Yuxian Bai, Xiaoming Chen, Xiufeng Liu, Juxiang Xiao, Gwo Fuang Ho, Yimin Mao, Xin Wang, Jieer Ying, Jianfeng Li, Wenyan Zhong, Yu Zhou, Abby B Siegel, Chunyi Hao, Shukui Qin, Zhendong Chen, Weijia Fang, Zhenggang Ren, Ruocai Xu, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Zhiqiang Meng, Yuxian Bai, Xiaoming Chen, Xiufeng Liu, Juxiang Xiao, Gwo Fuang Ho, Yimin Mao, Xin Wang, Jieer Ying, Jianfeng Li, Wenyan Zhong, Yu Zhou, Abby B Siegel, Chunyi Hao

Abstract

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in patients from Asia with previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: In a double-blind, phase III trial, 453 patients with advanced HCC and progression during or after treatment with or intolerance to sorafenib or oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive pembrolizumab (200 mg) or placebo once every 3 weeks for ≤ 35 cycles plus best supportive care. The primary end point was overall survival (one-sided significance threshold, P = .0193 [final analysis]). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR; one-sided significance threshold, P = .0134 and .0091, respectively [second interim analysis]; RECIST version 1.1, by blinded independent central review).

Results: Median overall survival was longer in the pembrolizumab group than in the placebo group (14.6 v 13.0 months; hazard ratio for death, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.99; P = .0180). Median PFS was also longer in the pembrolizumab group than in the placebo group (2.6 v 2.3 months; hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.92; P = .0032). ORR was greater in the pembrolizumab group (12.7% [95% CI, 9.1 to 17.0]) than in the placebo group (1.3% [95% CI, 0.2 to 4.6]; P < .0001). Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 66.9% of patients (grade 3, 12.0%; grade 4, 1.3%; grade 5, 1.0%) in the pembrolizumab group and 49.7% of patients (grade 3, 5.9%; grade 4, 0%; grade 5, 0%) in the placebo group.

Conclusion: In patients from Asia with previously treated advanced HCC, pembrolizumab significantly prolonged overall survival and PFS, and ORR was greater versus placebo.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03062358.

Figures

FIG 1.
FIG 1.
CONSORT diagram.
FIG 2.
FIG 2.
Kaplan-Meier analysis of (A) OS at final analysis and (B) PFS at the second interim analysis. OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival.

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