The prevalence and related factors of fatigue in patients with COPD: a systematic review

Zjala Ebadi, Yvonne M J Goërtz, Maarten Van Herck, Daisy J A Janssen, Martijn A Spruit, Chris Burtin, Melissa S Y Thong, Jean Muris, Jacqueline Otker, Milou Looijmans, Christel Vlasblom, Joëlle Bastiaansen, Judith Prins, Emiel F M Wouters, Jan H Vercoulen, Jeannette B Peters, Zjala Ebadi, Yvonne M J Goërtz, Maarten Van Herck, Daisy J A Janssen, Martijn A Spruit, Chris Burtin, Melissa S Y Thong, Jean Muris, Jacqueline Otker, Milou Looijmans, Christel Vlasblom, Joëlle Bastiaansen, Judith Prins, Emiel F M Wouters, Jan H Vercoulen, Jeannette B Peters

Abstract

Background: Fatigue is a distressing symptom in patients with COPD. Little is known about the factors that contribute to fatigue in COPD. This review summarises existing knowledge on the prevalence of fatigue, factors related to fatigue and the instruments most commonly used to assess fatigue in COPD.

Methods: Pubmed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane and CINAHL databases were searched for studies from inception up to 7 January 2020 using the medical subject headings "COPD" and "Fatigue". Studies were reviewed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Results: 196 studies were evaluated. The prevalence of fatigue ranged from 17-95%. Age (r=-0.23 to r=0.27), sex (r=0.11), marital status (r=-0.096), dyspnoea (r=0.13 to r=0.78), forced expiatory volume in 1 s % predicted (r=-0.55 to r=-0.076), number of exacerbations (r=0.27 to r=0.38), number of comorbidities (r=0.10), number of medications (r=0.35), anxiety (r=0.36 to r=0.61), depression (r=0.41 to r=0.66), muscle strength (r=-0.78 to r=-0.45), functional capacity (r=-0.77 to r=-0.14) and quality of life (r=0.48 to r=0.77) showed significant associations with fatigue.

Conclusions: Fatigue is a prevalent symptom in patients with COPD. Multiple physical and psychological factors seem to be associated with fatigue. Future studies are needed to evaluate these underlying factors in integral analyses in samples of patients with COPD.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: Z. Ebadi has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M.J. Goërtz has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Van Herck has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: D.A.J. Janssen reports personal fees from Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: M.A. Spruit reports grants from Netherlands Lung Foundation, Stichting Astma Bestrijding, Boehringer Ingelheim and AstraZeneca, during the conduct of the study; and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: C. Burtin has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M.S.Y. Thong has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Muris has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Otker has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Looijmans has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Vlasblom has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Bastiaansen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Prins has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E.F.M. Wouters has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J.H. Vercoulen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J.B. Peters has nothing to disclose.

©The authors 2021.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
PRISMA flow chart.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Factors associated with fatigue in COPD. Balloon sizes reflect numbers of studies reported. Increased line width indicates higher mean scores of correlation coefficients (r) found. For each factor, correlation coefficient ranges from different studies are shown. For the categorical variable “sex”: male=0, female=1. Other categorical variables (e.g. SES, marital status) not specified. AECOPD: acute exacerbations of COPD; BMI: body mass index; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; HRQoL: health-related quality of life; MED: number of medications; MS: marital status; SES: socioeconomic status.

References

    1. Singh D, Agusti A, Anzueto A, et al. . Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease: the GOLD science committee report 2019. Eur Respir J 2019; 53: 1900164. doi:10.1183/13993003.00164-2019
    1. Janson-Bjerklie S, Carrieri VK, Hudes M. The sensations of pulmonary dyspnea. Nurs Res 1986; 35: 154–159. doi:10.1097/00006199-198605000-00011
    1. Small SP, Lamb M. Measurement of fatigue in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in asthma. Int J Nurs Stud 2000; 37: 127–133. doi:10.1016/S0020-7489(99)00066-8
    1. Ream E, Richardson A. Fatigue in patients with cancer and chronic obstructive airways disease: a phenomenological enquiry. Int J Nurs Stud 1997; 34: 44–53. doi:10.1016/S0020-7489(96)00032-6
    1. Stridsman C, Skar L, Hedman L, et al. . Fatigue affects health status and predicts mortality among subjects with COPD: report from the population-based OLIN COPD study. COPD 2015; 12: 199–206. doi:10.3109/15412555.2014.922176
    1. Peters JB, Heijdra YF, Daudey L, et al. . Course of normal and abnormal fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and its relationship with domains of health status. Patient Educ Couns 2011; 85: 281–285. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2010.08.021
    1. Spruit MA, Vercoulen JH, Sprangers MAG, et al. . Fatigue in COPD: an important yet ignored symptom. Lancet Respir Med 2017; 5: 542–544. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30158-3
    1. Inal-Ince D, Savci S, Saglam M, et al. . Fatigue and multidimensional disease severity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Multidiscip Respir Med 2010; 5: 162–167. doi:10.1186/2049-6958-5-3-162
    1. Lewko A, Bidgood PL, Garrod R. Evaluation of psychological and physiological predictors of fatigue in patients with COPD. BMC Pulm Med 2009; 9: 47. doi:10.1186/1471-2466-9-47
    1. Theander K, Jakobsson P, Torstensson O, et al. . Severity of fatigue is related to functional limitation and health in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Nurs Pract 2008; 14: 455–462. doi:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2008.00720.x
    1. Baghai-Ravary R, Quint JK, Goldring JJ, et al. . Determinants and impact of fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2009; 103: 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2008.09.022
    1. Kapella MC, Larson JL, Patel MK, et al. . Subjective fatigue, influencing variables, and consequences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nurs Res 2006; 55: 10–17. doi:10.1097/00006199-200601000-00002
    1. Woo K. A pilot study to examine the relationships of dyspnoea, physical activity and fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Clin Nurs 2000; 9: 526–533. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2702.2000.00361.x
    1. Breukink SO, Strijbos JH, Koorn M, et al. . Relationship between subjective fatigue and physiological variables in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 1998; 92: 676–682. doi:10.1016/S0954-6111(98)90517-0
    1. Breslin E, van der Schans C, Breukink S, et al. . Perception of fatigue and quality of life in patients with COPD. Chest 1998; 114: 958–964. doi:10.1378/chest.114.4.958
    1. Kentson M, Todt K, Skargren E, et al. . Factors associated with experience of fatigue, and functional limitations due to fatigue in patients with stable COPD. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2016; 10: 410–424. doi:10.1177/1753465816661930
    1. Lewko A, Bidgood P, Jewell A, et al. . A comprehensive literature review of COPD-related fatigue. Curr Respir Med Rev 2012; 8: 370–382. doi:10.2174/157339812803832476
    1. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. . Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med 2009; 151: 264–269. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135
    1. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd edn. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1998.
    1. Vandevoorde J, Verbanck S, Gijssels L, et al. . Early detection of COPD: a case finding study in general practice. Respir Med 2007; 101: 525–530. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2006.06.027
    1. Gift AG, Shepard CE. Fatigue and other symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: do women and men differ? J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1999; 28: 201–208. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1999.tb01985.x
    1. Walke LM, Gallo WT, Tinetti ME, et al. . The burden of symptoms among community-dwelling older persons with advanced chronic disease. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 2321–2324. doi:10.1001/archinte.164.21.2321
    1. Walke LM, Byers AL, Tinetti ME, et al. . Range and severity of symptoms over time among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 2503–2508. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.22.2503
    1. Yang Y, Li Q, Mao J, et al. . Fatigue and health-related quality of life among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China. Clin Respir J 2020; 14: 109–115. doi:10.1111/crj.13107
    1. Valderramas S, Camelier AA, Silva SA, et al. . Reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the fatigue severity scale and its correlation with pulmonary function, dyspnea, and functional capacity in patients with COPD. J Bras Pneumol 2013; 39: 427–433. doi:10.1590/S1806-37132013000400005
    1. Blinderman CD, Homel P, Billings JA, et al. . Symptom distress and quality of life in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009; 38: 115–123. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.07.006
    1. Goertz YMJ, Spruit MA, Van 't Hul AJ, et al. . Fatigue is highly prevalent in patients with COPD and correlates poorly with the degree of airflow limitation. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2019; 13: 1753466619878128.
    1. Theander K, Unosson M. Fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Adv Nurs 2004; 45: 172–177. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02878.x
    1. Andersson M, Stridsman C, Ronmark E, et al. . Physical activity and fatigue in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a population based study. Respir Med 2015; 109: 1048–1057. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2015.05.007
    1. Stridsman C, Mullerova H, Skar L, et al. . Fatigue in COPD and the impact of respiratory symptoms and heart disease – a population-based study. COPD 2013; 10: 125–132. doi:10.3109/15412555.2012.728642
    1. Stridsman C, Svensson M, Johansson Strandkvist V, et al. . The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) can screen for fatigue among patients with COPD. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2018; 12: 1753466618787380. doi:10.1177/1753466618787380
    1. Strandkvist V, Andersson M, Backman H, et al. . Hand grip strength is associated with fatigue among men with COPD: epidemiological data from northern Sweden. Physiother Theory Pract 2020; 36: 408–416. doi:10.1080/09593985.2018.1486490
    1. Antoniu SA, Apostol A, Boiculese LV. Extra-respiratory symptoms in patients hospitalized for a COPD exacerbation: prevalence, clinical burden and their impact on functional status. Clin Respir J 2019; 13: 735–740. doi:10.1111/crj.13083
    1. Antoniu SA, Petrescu E, Stanescu R, et al. . Impact of fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from an exploratory study. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2016; 10(1): 26–33. doi:10.1177/1753465815617707
    1. Baltzan M, Scott A, Wolkove N, et al. . Fatigue in COPD: prevalence and effect on outcomes in pulmonary rehabilitation. Chron Respir Dis 2011; 8: 119–128. doi:10.1177/1479972310396737
    1. Chen YW, Camp PG, Coxson HO, et al. . A comparison of pain, fatigue, dyspnea and their impact on quality of life in pulmonary rehabilitation participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD 2018; 15: 65–72. doi:10.1080/15412555.2017.1401990
    1. Wong CJ, Goodridge D, Marciniuk DD, et al. . Fatigue in patients with COPD participating in a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2010; 5: 319–326. doi:10.2147/COPD.S12321
    1. Bentsen SB, Gundersen D, Assmus J, et al. . Multiple symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Norway. Nurs Health Sci 2013; 15: 292–299. doi:10.1111/nhs.12031
    1. Elbehairy AF, McIsaac H, Hill E, et al. . Impact of a specialized ambulatory clinic on refractory breathlessness in subjects with advanced COPD: a retrospective analysis. Respir Care 2020; 65: 444–454. doi:10.4187/respcare.06950
    1. Kinsman RA, Yaroush RA, Fernandez E, et al. . Symptoms and experiences in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chest 1983; 83: 755–761. doi:10.1378/chest.83.5.755
    1. Yohannes AM, Dryden S, Hanania NA. The responsiveness of the Manchester Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Fatigue Scale to pulmonary rehabilitation. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10: 2040622319882206. doi:10.1177/2040622319882206
    1. Benzo RP, Kirsch JL, Dulohery MM, et al. . Emotional intelligence: a novel outcome associated with wellbeing and self-management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 13: 10–16. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201508-490OC
    1. Al Moamary MS, Tamim HM. The reliability of an Arabic version of the self-administered standardized chronic respiratory disease questionnaire (CRQ-SAS). BMC Pulm Med 2011; 11: 21. doi:10.1186/1471-2466-11-21
    1. Mollaoglu M, Fertelli T, Tuncay F. Fatigue and disability in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 53: e93–e98. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2010.07.001
    1. Miravitlles M, Iriberri M, Barrueco M, et al. . Usefulness of the LCOPD, CAFS and CASIS scales in understanding the impact of COPD on patients. Respiration 2013; 86: 190–200. doi:10.1159/000341175
    1. Paddison JS, Effing TW, Quinn S, et al. . Fatigue in COPD: association with functional status and hospitalisations. Eur Respir J 2013; 41: 565–570. doi:10.1183/09031936.00021412
    1. Al-shair K, Kolsum U, Berry P, et al. . Development, dimensions, reliability and validity of the novel Manchester COPD fatigue scale. Thorax 2009; 64: 950–955. doi:10.1136/thx.2009.118109
    1. Reishtein JL. Relationship between symptoms and functional performance in COPD. Res Nurs Health 2005; 28: 39–47. doi:10.1002/nur.20054
    1. Yeh ML, Chen HH, Liao YC, et al. . Testing the functional status model in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Adv Nurs 2004; 48: 342–350. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03203.x
    1. Woo K. Physical activity as a mediator between dyspnea and fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Can J Nurs Res 2000; 32: 85–98.
    1. Borge CR, Wahl AK, Moum T. Association of breathlessness with multiple symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Adv Nurs 2010; 66: 2688–2700. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05447.x
    1. Karakurt P, Unsal A. Fatigue, anxiety and depression levels, activities of daily living of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Nurs Pract 2013; 19: 221–231. doi:10.1111/ijn.12055
    1. Crockett AJ, Cranston JM, Moss JR, et al. . The impact of anxiety, depression and living alone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Qual Life Res 2002; 11: 309–316. doi:10.1023/A:1015517606893
    1. Lin FJ, Pickard AS, Krishnan JA, et al. . Measuring health-related quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: properties of the EQ-5D-5L and PROMIS-43 short form. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014; 14: 78. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-14-78
    1. Todt K, Skargren E, Kentson M, et al. . Experience of fatigue, and its relationship to physical capacity and disease severity in men and women with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2014; 9: 17–25.
    1. Meng NH, Chen FN, Lo SF, et al. . Reliability and validity of the Taiwan (Mandarin Chinese) version of the chronic respiratory questionnaire. Qual Life Res 2011; 20: 1745–1751. doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9906-7
    1. Boueri FM, Bucher-Bartelson BL, Glenn KA, et al. . Quality of life measured with a generic instrument (Short Form-36) improves following pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD. Chest 2001; 119: 77–84. doi:10.1378/chest.119.1.77
    1. Güell R, Casan P, Sangenís M, et al. . Quality of life in patients with chronic respiratory disease: the Spanish version of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ). Eur Respir J 1998; 11: 55–60. doi:10.1183/09031936.98.11010055
    1. Lee J, Nguyen HQ, Jarrett ME, et al. . Effect of symptoms on physical performance in COPD. Heart Lung 2018; 47: 149–156. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2017.12.007
    1. Calik-Kutukcu E, Savci S, Saglam M, et al. . A comparison of muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity, fatigue perception and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy subjects: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14: 6. doi:10.1186/1471-2466-14-6
    1. Deng G, Liu F, Zhong Q, et al. . The effect of non-pharmacological staged interventions on fatigue and dyspnoea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Pract 2013; 19: 636–643. doi:10.1111/ijn.12116
    1. Nguyen HQ, Donesky-Cuenco D, Carrieri-Kohlman V. Associations between symptoms, functioning, and perceptions of mastery with global self-rated health in patients with COPD: a cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 2008; 45: 1355–1365. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2007.09.012
    1. Tsai CL, Hodder RV, Page JH, et al. . The short-form chronic respiratory disease questionnaire was a valid, reliable, and responsive quality-of-life instrument in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Clin Epidemiol 2008; 61: 489–497. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.07.003
    1. McCarley C, Hanneman SK, Padhye N, et al. . A pilot home study of temporal variations of symptoms in chronic obstructive lung disease. Biol Res Nurs 2007; 9: 8–20. doi:10.1177/1099800407303501
    1. Boer LM, Bischoff EW, Borgijink X, et al. “Exacerbation-free time” to assess the impact of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a prospective observational study. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2018; 28: 12. doi:10.1038/s41533-018-0079-5
    1. Jones PW, Brusselle G, Dal Negro RW, et al. . Health-related quality of life in patients by COPD severity within primary care in Europe. Respir Med 2011; 105: 57–66. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2010.09.004
    1. Alibasic E, Skopljak A, Cengic A, et al. . Efficacy of carbocisteine in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and impact on the quality of life. Med Glas (Zenica) 2017; 14: 182–188.
    1. Parreira VF, Kirkwood RN, Towns M, et al. . Is there an association between symptoms of anxiety and depression and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Can Respir J 2015; 22: 37–41. doi:10.1155/2015/478528
    1. Hanania NA, Mullerova H, Locantore NW, et al. . Determinants of depression in the ECLIPSE chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 604–611. doi:10.1164/rccm.201003-0472OC
    1. Martin LL. Validity and reliability of a quality-of-life instrument: the chronic respiratory disease questionnaire. Clin Nurs Res 1994; 3: 146–156. doi:10.1177/105477389400300207
    1. Moody L, McCormick K, Williams AR. Psychophysiologic correlates of quality of life in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. West J Nurs Res 1991; 13: 336–352. doi:10.1177/019394599101300304
    1. Kallivoka M, Alikari V, Spetsioti S, et al. . Fatigue and quality of life after pulmonary rehabilitation program. Pneumon 2019; 32: 72–80.
    1. Arikan H, Savci S, Calik-Kutukcu E, et al. . The relationship between cough-specific quality of life and abdominal muscle endurance, fatigue, and depression in patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10: 1829–1835.
    1. Vigil L, Güell M, Morante F, et al. . The validity and sensitivity to change of the Spanish self-administered version of the chronic respiratory questionnaire (CRQ-SAS). Arch Bronconeumol 2011; 47: 343–349. doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2011.02.016
    1. Vercoulen JHMM, Alberts M, Bleijenberg G. De Checklist Individual Strength (CIS). Gedragstherapie 1999; 32: 131–136.
    1. Vercoulen JHMM, Swanink CMA, Fennis JFM, et al. . Dimensional assessment of chronic fatigue syndrome. J Pychosom Res 1994; 38: 383–392. doi:10.1016/0022-3999(94)90099-X
    1. Worm-Smeitinka M, Gielissen M, Blootc L, et al. . The assessment of fatigue: psychometric qualities and norms for the Checklist individual strength. J Psychosom Res 2017; 98: 40–46. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.05.007
    1. Dittner AJ, Wessely S, Brown RG. The assessment of fatigue: a practical guide for clinicians and researchers. J Psychosom Res 2004; 56: 157–170. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00371-4
    1. Yellen SB, Cella DF, Webster K, et al. . Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale relative to other instrumentation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2005; 32: 811–819.
    1. Antoniu SA, Ungureanu D. Measuring fatigue as a symptom in COPD: from descriptors and questionnaires to the importance of the problem. Chron Respir Dis 2015; 12: 179–188. doi:10.1177/1479972315575716
    1. Bruera E, Kuehn N, Miller MJ. The edmonton symptom assessment system (ESAS): a simple method for the assessment of palliative care patients. J Palliat Care 1991; 7: 6–9. doi:10.1177/082585979100700202
    1. Wijkstra PJ, TenVergert EM, van Altena R, et al. . Reliability and validity of the chronic respiratory questionnaire (CRQ). Thorax 1994; 49: 465–467. doi:10.1136/thx.49.5.465
    1. Oga T, Nishimura K, Tsukino M, et al. . Longitudinal changes in health status using the chronic respiratory disease questionnaire and pulmonary function in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Qual Life Res 2004; 13: 1109–1116. doi:10.1023/B:QURE.0000031345.56580.6a
    1. Krupp LB, LaRocca N, Muir-Nash J, et al. . The Fatigue Severity Scale. Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Neurol 1989; 46: 1121–1123. doi:10.1001/archneur.1989.00520460115022
    1. Dittner AJ, Wessely SC, Brown RG. The assessment of fatigue. A practical guide for clinicians and researchers. J Psychosom Res 2004; 56: 157–170. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00371-4
    1. Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992; 30: 473–483. doi:10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002
    1. Lee KA, Hicks G, Nino-Murcia G. Validity and reliability of a scale to assess fatigue. Psychiatry Res 1990; 36: 291–298. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(91)90027-M
    1. Alghadir AH, Anwer S, Iqbal A, et al. . Test–retest reliability, validity, and minimum detectable change of visual analog, numerical rating, and verbal rating scales for measurement of osteoarthritic knee pain. J Pain Res 2018; 11: 851–856. doi:10.2147/JPR.S158847
    1. Smets EMA, Garssen B, Bonke B, et al. . The multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue. J Psychosom Res 1995; 39: 315–325. doi:10.1016/0022-3999(94)00125-O
    1. Reeves WC, Wagner D, Nisenbaum R, et al. . Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – a clinically empirical approach to its definition and study. BMC Med 2005; 3: 19. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-3-19
    1. Revicki DA, Meads DM, McKenna SP, et al. . COPD and Asthma Fatigue Scale (CAFS): development and psychometric assessment. Health Outcomes Res Med 2010; 1: 5–16. doi:10.1016/j.ehrm.2010.06.001
    1. Chang VT, Hwang SS, Feuerman M, et al. . The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale Short Form (MSAS-SF). Validity and reliability. Cancer 2000; 89: 1162–1171. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20000901)89:5<1162::AID-CNCR26>;2-Y
    1. Mendoza TR, Wang XS, Cleeland CS, et al. . The rapid assessment of fatigue severity in cancer patients – use of the Brief Fatigue Inventory. Cancer 1999; 85: 1186–1196. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19990301)85:5<1186::AID-CNCR24>;2-N
    1. McNair D, Lorr M, Droppleman L. The Manual for the Profile of Mood States. San Diego, CA, Educational and Industrial Testing Service, 1992.
    1. Goërtz YMJ, Looijmans M, Prins JB, et al. . Fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: protocol of the Dutch multicentre, longitudinal, observational FAntasTIGUE study. BMJ Open 2018; 8: e021745.

Source: PubMed

Sponsors et collaborateurs

Les conditions médicales

Interventions en matière de drogue

3
S'abonner