The effects of plyometric jump training on physical fitness attributes in basketball players: A meta-analysis

Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Antonio García-Hermoso, Jason Moran, Helmi Chaabene, Yassine Negra, Aaron T Scanlan, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Antonio García-Hermoso, Jason Moran, Helmi Chaabene, Yassine Negra, Aaron T Scanlan

Abstract

Background: There is a growing body of experimental evidence examining the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on physical fitness attributes in basketball players; however, this evidence has not yet been comprehensively and systematically aggregated. Therefore, our objective was to meta-analyze the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes in basketball players, in comparison to a control condition.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, up to July 2020. Peer-reviewed controlled trials with baseline and follow-up measurements investigating the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes (muscle power, i.e., jumping performance, linear sprint speed, change-of-direction speed, balance, and muscle strength) in basketball players, with no restrictions on their playing level, sex, or age. Hedge's g effect sizes (ES) were calculated for physical fitness variables. Using a random-effects model, potential sources of heterogeneity were selected, including subgroup analyses (age, sex, body mass, and height) and single training factor analysis (program duration, training frequency, and total number of training sessions). Computation of meta-regression was also performed.

Results: Thirty-two studies were included, involving 818 total basketball players. Significant (p < 0.05) small-to-large effects of PJT were evident on vertical jump power (ES = 0.45), countermovement jump height with (ES = 1.24) and without arm swing (ES = 0.88), squat jump height (ES = 0.80), drop jump height (ES = 0.53), horizontal jump distance (ES = 0.65), linear sprint time across distances ≤10 m (ES = 1.67) and >10 m (ES = 0.92), change-of-direction performance time across distances ≤40 m (ES = 1.15) and >40 m (ES = 1.02), dynamic (ES = 1.16) and static balance (ES = 1.48), and maximal strength (ES = 0.57). The meta-regression revealed that training duration, training frequency, and total number of sessions completed did not predict the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes. Subgroup analysis indicated greater improvements in older compared to younger players in horizontal jump distance (>17.15 years, ES = 2.11; ≤17.15 years, ES = 0.10; p < 0.001), linear sprint time >10 m (>16.3 years, ES = 1.83; ≤16.3 years, ES = 0.36; p = 0.010), and change-of-direction performance time ≤40 m (>16.3 years, ES = 1.65; ≤16.3 years, ES = 0.75; p = 0.005). Greater increases in horizontal jump distance were apparent with >2 compared with ≤2 weekly PJT sessions (ES = 2.12 and ES = 0.39, respectively; p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Data from 32 studies (28 of which demonstrate moderate-to-high methodological quality) indicate PJT improves muscle power, linear sprint speed, change-of-direction speed, balance, and muscle strength in basketball players independent of sex, age, or PJT program variables. However, the beneficial effects of PJT as measured by horizontal jump distance, linear sprint time >10 m, and change-of-direction performance time ≤40 m, appear to be more evident among older basketball players.

Keywords: Exercise therapy; Human physical conditioning; Resistance training; Stretch reflex; Team sports.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Copyright © 2021. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

Figures

Graphical abstract
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram.

References

    1. Simenz CJ, Dugan CA, Ebben WP. Strength and conditioning practices of National Basketball Association strength and conditioning coaches. J Strength Cond Res. 2005;19:495–504.
    1. Stojanović E, Stojiljković N, Scanlan AT, Dalbo VJ, Berkelmans DM, Milanović Z. The activity demands and physiological responses encountered during basketball match-play: A systematic review. Sports Med. 2018;48:111–135.
    1. Taylor JB, Wright AA, Dischiavi SL, Townsend MA, Marmon AR. Activity demands during multi-directional team sports: A systematic review. Sports Med. 2017;47:2533–2551.
    1. Scanlan AT, Dascombe BJ, Kidcaff AP, Peucker JL, Dalbo VJ. Gender-specific activity demands experienced during semiprofessional basketball game play. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015;10:618–625.
    1. Cumps E, Verhagen E, Meeusen R. Efficacy of a sports specific balance training programme on the incidence of ankle sprains in basketball. J Sports Sci Med. 2007;6:212–219.
    1. Dallinga JM, Benjaminse A, Lemmink KA. Which screening tools can predict injury to the lower extremities in team sports? A systematic review. Sports Med. 2012;42:791–815.
    1. DiFiori JP, Güllich A, Brenner JS, et al. The NBA and youth basketball: Recommendations for promoting a healthy and positive experience. Sports Med. 2018;48:2053–2065.
    1. Kabacinski J, Murawa M, Mackala K, Dworak LB. Knee strength ratios in competitive female athletes. PLoS One. 2018;13 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191077.
    1. Chaouachi A, Brughelli M, Chamari K, et al. Lower limb maximal dynamic strength and agility determinants in elite basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23:1570–1577.
    1. Chu D, Al Vermeil. The rationale for field testing. Nat Strength Cond Assoc J. 1983;5:35–36.
    1. Hoffman JR, Tenenbaum G, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ. Relationship between athletic performance tests and playing time in elite college basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 1996;10:67–71.
    1. Sperlich PF, Behringer M, Mester J. The effects of resistance training interventions on vertical jump performance in basketball players: A meta-analysis. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2016;56:874–883.
    1. Ziv G, Lidor R. Vertical jump in female and male basketball players—a review of observational and experimental studies. J Sci Med Sport. 2010;13:332–339.
    1. Gleddie N, Marshall D. Plyometric training for basketball. Strength Cond J. 1996;18:20–25.
    1. Al Vermeil. Program design: Training components for basketball. Nat Strength Cond Assoc J. 1988;10:64–67.
    1. Taube W, Leukel C, Gollhofer A. How neurons make us jump: The neural control of stretch-shortening cycle movements. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2012;40:106–115.
    1. Komi PV, Gollhofer A. Stretch reflex can have an important role in force enhancement during SSC-exercise. J Appl Biomech. 1997;13:451–459.
    1. Bouguezzi R, Chaabene H, Negra Y, et al. Effects of jump exercises with and without stretch-shortening cycle actions on components of physical fitness in prepubertal male soccer players. Sport Sci Health. 2020;16:297–304.
    1. Radnor JM, Oliver JL, Waugh CM, Myer GD, Moore IS, Lloyd RS. The influence of growth and maturation on stretch-shortening cycle function in youth. Sports Med. 2018;48:57–71.
    1. Komi PV. In: Strength and Power in Sport. Komi PV, editor. Blackwell Science; Oxford: 2003. Stretch shortening cycle; pp. 184–202.
    1. Markovic G, Mikulic P. Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyometric training. Sports Med. 2010;40:859–895.
    1. Granacher U, Lesinski M, Büsch D, et al. Effects of resistance training in youth athletes on muscular fitness and athletic performance: A conceptual model for long-term athlete development. Front Physiol. 2016;7:164. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00164.
    1. Cormie P, McGuigan MR, Newton RU. Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 2−training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports Med. 2011;41:125–146.
    1. Bobbert MF. Drop jumping as a training method for jumping ability. Sports Med. 1990;9:7–22.
    1. Ramirez-Campillo R, Sanchez-Sanchez J, Romero-Moraleda B, Yanci J, Garcia-Hermoso A, Manuel Clemente F. Effects of plyometric jump training in female soccer player's vertical jump height: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Sports Sci. 2020;38:1475–1487.
    1. Ramirez-Campillo R, Alvarez C, Garcia-Hermoso A, et al. Effects of jump training on jumping performance of handball players: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Inter J Sports Sci Coach. 2020;15:584–594.
    1. Ramirez-Campillo R, Andrade DC, Nikolaidis PT, et al. Effects of plyometric jump training on vertical jump height of volleyball players: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trial. J Sport Sci Med. 2020;19:489–499.
    1. Matavulj D, Kukolj M, Ugarkovic D, Tihanyi J, Jaric S. Effects of plyometric training on jumping performance in junior basketball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2001;41:159–164.
    1. Benis R, Bonato M, La Torre A. Elite female basketball players' body-weight neuromuscular training and performance on the y-balance test. J Athl Train. 2016;51:688–695.
    1. Khlifa R, Aouadi R, Hermassi S, et al. Effects of a plyometric training program with and without added load on jumping ability in basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24:2955–2961.
    1. Mancha-Triguero D, García-Rubio J, Calleja-González J, Ibáñez SJ. Physical fitness in basketball players: A systematic review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019;59:1513–1525.
    1. Ramirez-Campillo R, Moran J, Chaabene H, et al. Methodological characteristics and future directions for plyometric jump training research: A scoping review update. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30:983–997.
    1. Green S, Higgins J. John Wiley & Sons; Chichester: 2005. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions.
    1. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: Explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2009;339:b2700. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2700.
    1. Ramirez-Campillo R, Álvarez C, García-Hermoso A, et al. Methodological characteristics and future directions for plyometric jump training research: A scoping review. Sports Med. 2018;48:1059–1081.
    1. Ben Abdelkrim N, El Fazaa S, El Ati J. Time-motion analysis and physiological data of elite under-19-year-old basketball players during competition. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41:69–75.
    1. Delextrat A, Cohen D. Physiological testing of basketball players: Toward a standard evaluation of anaerobic fitness. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22:1066–1072.
    1. Rosene JM, Fogarty TD, Mahaffey BL. Isokinetic hamstrings: Quadriceps ratios in intercollegiate athletes. J Athletic Training. 2001;36:378–383.
    1. Slinde F, Suber C, Suber L, Edwén CE, Svantesson U. Test-retest reliability of three different countermovement jumping tests. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22:640–644.
    1. Altmann S, Ringhof S, Neumann R, Woll A, Rumpf MC. Validity and reliability of speed tests used in soccer: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2019;14 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220982.
    1. Grgic J, Lazinica B, Schoenfeld BJ, Pedisic Z. Test-retest reliability of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength test assessment: A systematic review. Sports Med Open. 2020;6:31. doi: 10.1186/s40798-020-00260-z.
    1. Canavan PK, Vescovi JD. Evaluation of power prediction equations: Peak vertical jumping power in women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36:1589–1593.
    1. Arazi H, Coetzee B, Asadi A. Comparative effect of land- and aquatic-based plyometric training on jumping ability and agility of young basketball players. South Afric J Res Sport Phys Edu Recrea. 2012;34:1–14.
    1. Wilkerson GB, Colston MA, Shortt NI, Neal KL, Hoewischer PE, Pixley JJ. Neuromuscular changes in female collegiate athletes resulting from a plyometric jump-training program. J Athl Train. 2004;39:17–23.
    1. Arazi H, Asadi A. The effect of aquatic and land plyometric training on strength, sprint, and balance in young basketball players. J Human Sport Exerc. 2011;6:101–111.
    1. Drevon D, Fursa SR, Malcolm AL. Intercoder reliability and validity of WebPlotDigitizer in extracting graphed data. Behav Modif. 2017;41:323–339.
    1. Stojanović E, Ristić V, McMaster DT, Milanović Z. Effect of plyometric training on vertical jump performance in female athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2017;47:975–986.
    1. Valentine JC, Pigott TD, Rothstein HR. How many studies do you need? A primer on statistical power for meta-analysis. J Ed Behavioral Stat. 2010;35:215–247.
    1. Pigott T. Springer-Verlag; New York, NY: 2012. Advances in meta-analysis.
    1. Abt G, Boreham C, Davison G, et al. Power, precision, and sample size estimation in sport and exercise science research. J Sport Sci. 2020;38:1933–1935.
    1. Skrede T, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Ekelund U. The prospective association between objectively measured sedentary time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2019;20:55–74.
    1. García-Hermoso A, Ramírez-Campillo R, Izquierdo M. Is muscular fitness associated with future health benefits in children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Sports Med. 2019;49:1079–1094.
    1. Moran J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Granacher U. Effects of jumping exercise on muscular power in older adults: A meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018;48:2843–2857.
    1. Deeks JJ, Higgins JP, Altman DG. In: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: The Cochrane Collaboration. Higgins JP, Green S, editors. John Wiley & Sons; Chichester: 2008. Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses; pp. 243–296.
    1. Kontopantelis E, Springate DA, Reeves D. A re-analysis of the Cochrane Library data: The dangers of unobserved heterogeneity in meta-analyses. PLoS One. 2013;8:e69930. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069930.
    1. Hopkins WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, Hanin J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:3–13.
    1. Higgins JP, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. In: Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. The Cochrane Collaboration. Higgins JP, Green S, editors. John Wiley & Sons; Chichester: 2008. Special topics in statistics; pp. 481–529.
    1. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21:1539–1558.
    1. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629–634.
    1. Duval S, Tweedie R. Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics. 2000;56:455–463.
    1. Asadi A, Arazi H, Ramirez-Campillo R, Moran J, Izquierdo M. Influence of maturation stage on agility performance gains after plyometric training: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31:2609–2617.
    1. Moran J, Clark CCT, Ramirez-Campillo R, Davies MJ, Drury B. A meta-analysis of plyometric training in female youth: Its efficacy and shortcomings in the literature. J Strength Cond Res. 2019;33:1996–2008.
    1. Moran JJ, Sandercock GR, Ramírez-Campillo R, Meylan CM, Collison JA, Parry DA. Age-related variation in male youth athletes' countermovement jump after plyometric training: A meta-analysis of controlled trials. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31:552–565.
    1. de Villarreal ES, Kellis E, Kraemer WJ, Izquierdo M. Determining variables of plyometric training for improving vertical jump height performance: A meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23:495–506.
    1. de Villarreal ES, Requena B, Newton RU. Does plyometric training improve strength performance? A meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2010;13:513–522.
    1. Moran J, Clark CCT, Ramirez-Campillo R, Davies MJ, Drury B. A meta-analysis of plyometric training in female youth: Its efficacy and shortcomings in the literature. J Strength Cond Res. 2019;33:1996–2008.
    1. Moran J, Sandercock G, Ramirez-Campillo R, Clark CCT, Fernandes JFT, Drury B. A meta-analysis of resistance training in female youth: Its effect on muscular strength, and shortcomings in the literature. Sports Med. 2018;48:1661–1671.
    1. Moran J, Sandercock GR, Ramirez-Campillo R, Meylan C, Collison J, Parry DA. A meta-analysis of maturation-related variation in adolescent boy athletes' adaptations to short-term resistance training. J Sports Sci. 2017;35:1041–1051.
    1. Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons; Chichester: 2019. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions.
    1. Zribi A, Zouch M, Chaari H, et al. Short-term lower-body plyometric training improves whole-body BMC, bone metabolic markers, and physical fitness in early pubertal male basketball players. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2014;26:22–32.
    1. Adigüzel NS, Günay M. The effect of eight weeks plyometric training on anaerobic power, counter movement jumping and isokinetic strength in 15–18 years basketball players. Int J Environ Sci Edu. 2016;11:3241–3250.
    1. Amato A, Cortis C, Culcasi A, Anello G, Proia P. Power training in young athletes: Is it all in the genes? Physiother Quarter. 2018;26:13–17.
    1. Andrejic O. The effects of a plyometric and strength training program on the fitness performance in young basketball players. Facta Univer Series Phys Educ Sport. 2012;10:221–229.
    1. Arede J, Vaz R, Franceschi A, Gonzalo-Skok O, Leite N. Effects of a combined strength and conditioning training program on physical abilities in adolescent male basketball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019;59:1298–1305.
    1. Asadi A, Ramirez-Campillo R, Meylan C, Nakamura FY, Cañas-Jamett R, Izquierdo M. Effects of volume-based overload plyometric training on maximal-intensity exercise adaptations in young basketball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2017;57:1557–1563.
    1. Asadi A. Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training on jumping and agility performance of basketball players. Sport Sci Health. 2013;9:133–137.
    1. Asadi A. Effects of in-season plyometric training on sprint and balance performance in basketball players. Sport Sci. 2013;6:24–27.
    1. Attene G, Iuliano E, Di Cagno A, et al. Improving neuromuscular performance in young basketball players: Plyometric vs. technique training. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015;55:1–8.
    1. Bouteraa I, Negra Y, Shephard RJ, Chelly MS. Effects of combined balance and plyometric training on athletic performance in female basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34:1967–1973.
    1. Brown ME, Mayhew JL, Boleach LW. Effect of plyometric training on vertical jump performance in high school basketball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1986;26:1–4.
    1. Cherni Y, Jlid MC, Mehrez H, et al. Eight weeks of plyometric training improves ability to change direction and dynamic postural control in female basketball players. Front Physiol. 2019;10:726. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00726.
    1. Fontenay B, Lebon F, Champely S, et al. ACL injury risk factors decrease and jumping performance improvement in female basketball players: A prospective study. Int J Kines Sports Sci. 2013;1:10–18.
    1. Fachina R, Martins D, Montagner P, et al. Combined plyometric and strength training improves repeated sprint ability and agility in young male basketball players. Gazz Med Ital Arch Sci Med. 2017;176:75–84.
    1. Floría P, Sánchez-Sixto A, Harrison AJ. Application of the principal component waveform analysis to identify improvements in vertical jump performance. J Sports Sci. 2019;37:370–377.
    1. Gottlieb R, Eliakim A, Shalom A, Dello-Iacono A, Meckel Y. Improving anaerobic fitness in young basketball players: Plyometric vs. specific sprint training. J Athl Enhancement. 2014;3:1–6.
    1. Hernández S, Ramirez-Campillo R, Álvarez C, et al. Effects of plyometric training on neuromuscular performance in youth basketball players: A pilot study on the influence of drill randomization. J Sports Sci Med. 2018;17:372–378.
    1. Latorre Román PÁ, Villar Macias FJ, García Pinillos F. Effects of a contrast training programme on jumping, sprinting and agility performance of prepubertal basketball players. J Sports Sci. 2018;36:802–808.
    1. McLeod TC, Armstrong T, Miller M, Sauers JL. Balance improvements in female high school basketball players after a 6-week neuromuscular-training program. J Sport Rehab. 2009;18:465–481.
    1. Meszler B, Váczi M. Effects of short-term in-season plyometric training in adolescent female basketball players. Physiol Int. 2019;106:168–179.
    1. Poomsalood S, Pakulanon S. Effects of 4-week plyometric training on speed, agility, and leg muscle power in male university basketball players: A pilot study. Kasetsart J - Social Sci. 2015;36:598–606.
    1. Santos EJ, Janeira MA. Effects of complex training on explosive strength in adolescent male basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22:903–909.
    1. Santos EJ, Janeira MA. Effects of reduced training and detraining on upper and lower body explosive strength in adolescent male basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23:1737–1744.
    1. Santos EJ, Janeira MA. The effects of plyometric training followed by detraining and reduced training periods on explosive strength in adolescent male basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:441–452.
    1. Vescovi JD, Canavan PK, Hasson S. Effects of a plyometric program on vertical landing force and jumping performance in college women. Phys The Sport. 2008;9:185–192.
    1. Lloyd RS, Oliver JL, Hughes MG, Williams CA. The influence of chronological age on periods of accelerated adaptation of stretch-shortening cycle performance in pre and postpubescent boys. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:1889–1897.
    1. Philippaerts RM, Vaeyens R, Janssens M, et al. The relationship between peak height velocity and physical performance in youth soccer players. J Sports Sci. 2006;24:221–230.
    1. Ramirez-Campillo R, Moran J, Drury B, et al. Effects of equal volume but different plyometric jump training intensities on components of physical fitness in physically active young males. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;35:1916–1923.
    1. Ebben WP, Fauth ML, Garceau LR, Petushek EJ. Kinetic quantification of plyometric exercise intensity. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:3288–3298.
    1. Ebben WP, Simenz C, Jensen RL. Evaluation of plyometric intensity using electromyography. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22:861–868.
    1. de Villarreal ES, González-Badillo JJ, Izquierdo M. Low and moderate plyometric training frequency produces greater jumping and sprinting gains compared with high frequency. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22:715–725.
    1. Read MM, Cisar C. The influence of varied rest interval lengths on depth jump performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2001;15:279–283.
    1. Ebben WP. Practical guidelines for plyometric intensity. NSCA Perform Train J. 2007;6:12–16.
    1. Gonzalo-Skok O, Sánchez-Sabaté J, Izquierdo-Lupón L, Sáez de Villarreal E. Influence of force-vector and force application plyometric training in young elite basketball players. Eur Journal Sport Sci. 2019;19:305–314.
    1. Lloyd RS, Cronin JB, Faigenbaum AD, et al. National Strength and Conditioning Association position statement on long-term athletic development. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30:1491–1509.
    1. Lloyd RS, Oliver JL. The youth physical development model: A new approach to long-term athletic development. Strength Cond J. 2012;34:61–72.
    1. Lloyd RS, Oliver JL, Meyers RW, Moody JA, Stone MH. Long-term athletic development and its application to youth weightlifting. Strength Cond J. 2012;34:55–66.
    1. Lloyd RS, Meyers RW, Oliver JL. The natural development and trainability of plyometric ability during childhood. Strength Cond J. 2011;33:23–32.
    1. de Villarreal ES, Requena B, Cronin JB. The effects of plyometric training on sprint performance: A meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26:575–584.
    1. Hakkinen A, Komi PV. The effect of explosive type strength training on electromyographic and force production characteristics of leg extensor muscles during concentric and various stretch-shortening cycle exercises. Scand J Sports Sci. 1985;7:65–76.
    1. Morin JB, Bourdin M, Edouard P, Peyrot N, Samozino P, Lacour JR. Mechanical determinants of 100-m sprint running performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112:3921–3930.
    1. Bishop DJ, Girard O. Determinants of team-sport performance: Implications for altitude training by team-sport athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(Suppl. 1):S17–S21.
    1. Ramírez-Campillo R, Gallardo F, Henriquez-Olguín C, et al. Effect of vertical, horizontal, and combined plyometric training on explosive, balance, and endurance performance of young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29:1784–1795.
    1. Dello Iacono A, Martone D, Milic M, Padulo J. Vertical- vs. horizontal-oriented drop jump training: Chronic effects on explosive performances of elite handball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31:921–931.
    1. Moran J, Sandercock G, Rumpf MC, Parry DA. Variation in responses to sprint training in male youth athletes: A meta-analysis. Int J Sports Med. 2017;38:1–11.
    1. Oliver JL, Rumpf MC. In: Strength and conditioning for young athletes: science and application. Lloyd R, Oliver JL, editors. Routledge; London: 2014. Speed development in youths; pp. 80–93.
    1. Oliver JL, Lloyd RS, Rumpf MC. Developing speed throughout childhood and adolescence: The role of growth, maturation and training. Strength Cond J. 2013;35:42–48.
    1. Asadi A, Arazi H, Young WB, Sáez de Villarreal E. The effects of plyometric training on change-of-direction ability: A meta-analysis. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2016;11:563–573.
    1. Meylan C, Malatesta D. Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive actions of young players. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23:2605–2613.
    1. Chaabene H, Prieske O, Negra Y, Granacher U. Change of direction speed: toward a strength training approach with accentuated eccentric muscle actions. Sports Med. 2018;48:1773–1779.
    1. Coratella G, Beato M, Milanese C, et al. Specific adaptations in performance and muscle architecture after weighted jumpsquat vs. body mass squat jump training in recreational soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32:921–929.
    1. Davies G, Riemann BL, Manske R. Current concepts of plyometric exercise. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015;10:760–786.
    1. Sheppard JM, Young WB. Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. J Sport Sci. 2006;24:919–932.
    1. Young W, Farrow D. A review of agility: Practical applications for strength and conditioning. Strength Cond J. 2006;28:24–29.
    1. Young WB, Dawson B, Henry GJ. Agility and change-of-direction speed are independent skills: Implications for training for agility in invasion sports. Int J Sports Sci Coach. 2015;10:159–169.
    1. Häkkinen K, Alén M, Komi PV. Changes in isometric force- and relaxation-time, electromyographic and muscle fibre characteristics of human skeletal muscle during strength training and detraining. Acta Physiol Scand. 1985;125:573–585.
    1. Granacher U, Prieske O, Majewski M, Büsch D, Muehlbauer T. The role of instability with plyometric training in sub-elite adolescent soccer players. Int J Sports Med. 2015;36:386–394.
    1. Ramirez-Campillo R, Gentil P, Moran J, Dalbo VJ, Scanlan AT. Dribble deficit enables measurement of dribbling speed independent of sprinting speed in collegiate, male, basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;35:2040–2045.
    1. Scanlan AT, Wen N, Spiteri T, Milanović Z, Conte D, Guy JH, et al. Dribble deficit: A novel method to measure dribbling speed independent of sprinting speed in basketball players. J Sports Sci. 2018;36:2596–2602.
    1. Myer GD, Ford KR, Brent JL, Hewett TE. The effects of plyometric vs. dynamic stabilization and balance training on power, balance, and landing force in female athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20:345–353.
    1. Ramírez-Campillo R, Burgos CH, Henríquez-Olguín C, et al. Effect of unilateral, bilateral, and combined plyometric training on explosive and endurance performance of young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29:1317–1328.
    1. Zech A, Hübscher M, Vogt L, Banzer W, Hänsel F, Pfeifer K. Balance training for neuromuscular control and performance enhancement: a systematic review. J Athl Train. 2010;45:392–403.
    1. Johnson BA, Salzberg CL, Stevenson DA. A systematic review: plyometric training programs for young children. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:2623–2633.
    1. Rössler R, Donath L, Bizzini M, Faude O. A new injury prevention programme for children's football–FIFA 11+ Kids–can improve motor performance: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci. 2016;34:549–556.
    1. Rössler R, Donath L, Verhagen E, Junge A, Schweizer T, Faude O. Exercise-based injury prevention in child and adolescent sport: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2014;44:1733–1748.
    1. Brown TN, Palmieri-Smith RM, McLean SG. Comparative adaptations of lower limb biomechanics during unilateral and bilateral landings after different neuromuscular-based ACL injury prevention protocols. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28:2859–2871.
    1. Lloyd DG. Rationale for training programs to reduce anterior cruciate ligament injuries in Australian football. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2001;31:645–654.
    1. Hewett TE, Paterno MV, Myer GD. Strategies for enhancing proprioception and neuromuscular control of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;(402):76–94.
    1. Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Mikulic P. Effects of plyometric vs. resistance training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy: A review. J Sport Health Sci. 2021;10:530–536.
    1. Stevenson JH, Beattie CS, Schwartz JB, Busconi BD. Assessing the effectiveness of neuromuscular training programs in reducing the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: A systematic review. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43:482–490.
    1. Ter Stege MH, Dallinga JM, Benjaminse A, Lemmink KA. Effect of interventions on potential, modifiable risk factors for knee injury in team ball sports: A systematic review. Sports Med. 2014;44:1403–1426.
    1. Drury B, Green T, Ramirez-Campillo R, Moran J. Influence of maturation status on eccentric hamstring strength improvements in youth male soccer players after the Nordic hamstring exercise. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020;18:1–7.
    1. Brown TN, Palmieri-Smith RM, McLean SG. Comparative adaptations of lower limb biomechanics during unilateral and bilateral landings after different neuromuscular-based ACL injury prevention protocols. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28:2859–2871.
    1. Nesser TW, Latin RW, Berg K, Prentice E. Physiological determinants of 40-meter sprint performance in young male athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 1996;10:263–267.
    1. Moran J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Liew B, et al. Effects of vertically and horizontally orientated plyometric training on physical performance: A meta-analytical comparison. Sports Med. 2021;51:65–79.
    1. Moran J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Liew B, et al. Effects of bilateral and unilateral resistance training on horizontally-orientated movement performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2021;51:225–242.
    1. Chu D, Myer G. Human Kinetics; Champaign, IL: 2013. Plyometrics.
    1. Gentil P, Ramirez-Campillo R, Souza D. Resistance training in face of the coronavirus outbreak: Time to think outside the box. Front Physiol. 2020;11:859. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00859.
    1. Ward P, Hodges N, Williams AM. The road excellence in soccer: Deliberate practice and the development of expertise. High Ability Studies. 2007;18:119–153.
    1. Shallaby HK. The effect of plyometric exercises use on the physical and skillful performance of basketball players. World J Sport Sci. 2010;3:316–324.
    1. Brumitt J, Heiderscheit BC, Manske RC, Niemuth P, Mattocks A, Rauh MJ. The lower-extremity functional test and lower-quadrant injury in NCAA division III athletes: A descriptive and epidemiologic report. J Sport Rehabil. 2016;25:219–226.
    1. Brumitt J, Wilson V, Ellis N, Petersen J, Zita CJ, Reyes J. Preseason lower extremity functional test scores are not associated with lower quadrant injury: A validation study with normative data on 395 division III athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2018;13:410–421.
    1. Choi SJ. Cellular mechanism of eccentric-induced muscle injury and its relationship with sarcomere heterogeneity. J Exer Rehab. 2014;10:200–204.
    1. Fransz DP, Huurnink A, Kingma I, de Boode VA, Heyligers IC, van Dieën JH. Performance on a single-legged drop-jump landing test is related to increased risk of lateral ankle sprains among male elite soccer players: A 3-year prospective cohort study. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46:3454–3462.
    1. Mujika I. Human Kinetics; Champaign, IL: 2009. Tapering and peaking for optimal performance.
    1. Meylan CM, Cronin JB, Oliver JL, Hopkins WG, Contreras B. The effect of maturation on adaptations to strength training and detraining in 11- to 15-year-olds. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24:e156–e164.
    1. Hoffman J. Human Kinetics; Champaign, IL: 2012. NSCA's Guide to Program Design.
    1. National Strength & Conditioning Association. Jay Hoffman. NSCA's Guide to Program Design. Human Kinetics; Champaign, IL: 2012.
    1. Chmielewski TL, Myer GD, Kauffman D, Tillman SM. Plyometric exercise in the rehabilitation of athletes: Physiological responses and clinical application. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36:308–319.
    1. Ramirez-Campillo R, Alvarez C, García-Pinillos F, et al. Optimal reactive strength index: Is it an accurate variable to optimize plyometric training effects on measures of physical fitness in young soccer players? J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32:885–893.
    1. Bedoya AA, Miltenberger MR, Lopez RM. Plyometric training effects on athletic performance in youth soccer athletes: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29:2351–2360.
    1. Granacher U, Lesinski M, Büsch D, et al. Effects of resistance training in youth athletes on muscular fitness and athletic performance: A conceptual model for long-term athlete development. Front Physiol. 2016;7:164. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00164.
    1. Müller L, Müller E, Hildebrandt C, Kapelari K, Raschner C. The assessment of biological maturation for talent selection–which method can be used? Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2015;29:56–63. [in German]
    1. Malina RM, Rogol AD, Cumming SP, Coelho e Silva MJ, Figueiredo AJ. Biological maturation of youth athletes: Assessment and implications. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49:852–859.
    1. Cumming SP, Lloyd RS, Oliver JL, Eisenmann JC, Malina RM. Bio-banding in sport: Applications to competition, talent identification, and strength and conditioning of youth athletes. Strength Cond J. 2017;39:34–47.
    1. Balsalobre-Fernández C, Santos-Concejero J, Grivas GV. Effects of strength training on running economy in highly trained runners: A systematic review with meta-analysis of controlled trials. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30:2361–2368.
    1. Denadai BS, de Aguiar RA, de Lima LC, Greco CC, Caputo F. Explosive training and heavy weight training are effective for improving running economy in endurance athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2017;47:545–554.
    1. Trowell D, Vicenzino B, Saunders N, Fox A, Bonacci J. Effect of strength training on biomechanical and neuromuscular variables in distance runners: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2020;50:133–150.
    1. Nabli MA, Abdelkrim NB, Jabri I, Batikh T, Castagna C, Chamari K. Fitness field tests' correlation with game performance in U-19-category basketball referees. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2016;11:1005–1011.

Source: PubMed

Sponsors et collaborateurs

Les conditions médicales

Interventions en matière de drogue

3
S'abonner