Dietary protein content for an optimal diet: a clinical view

Lidia Santarpia, Franco Contaldo, Fabrizio Pasanisi, Lidia Santarpia, Franco Contaldo, Fabrizio Pasanisi

Abstract

The dietary protein role in different clinical nutritional conditions and some physio-pathological perspectives is a current and hot topic to discuss. Recent Proceedings of the Protein Summit 2, joining more than 60 nutrition scientists, health experts, and nutrition educators, suggest to increase plant but, in particular, animal protein intake because richer in leucine and consequently more effective to influence anabolic protein metabolism. The Panel conclusions are in apparent contradiction with the nutritional ecology statements, which strongly sustain the reduction of animal origin foods in the human diet and are currently concerned about the excessive, mainly animal protein intake in western and westernized Countries. In conclusion, it is time to carefully evaluate protein and aminoacid intake accurately considering quality, digestibility, daily distribution and individual characteristics.

Keywords: animal proteins; dietary protein; essential aminoacids; leucine.

© 2017 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders.

References

    1. Rodriguez NR. Introduction to Protein Summit 2.0: meal requirements for protein to optimize metabolic roles of aminoacids, continued exploration of the impact of high‐quality protein on optimal health. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;101:1317S–1319S.
    1. Leidy HJ, Clifton PM, Astrup A, Wycherley TP, Westerterp‐Plantenga MS, Luscombe‐Marsh ND, Woods SC, Mattes RD. The role of protein in weight loss and maintenance. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;101:1320S–1329S.
    1. Layman DK, Anthony TG, Rasmussen BB, Adams SH, Lynch CJ, Brinkworth GD, Davis TA. Defining meal requirements for protein to optimize metabolic roles of aminoacids. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;101:1330S–1338S.
    1. Paddon‐Jones D, Campbell WW, Jacques PF, Kritchevsky SB, Moore LL, Rodriguez RR, van Loon JC. Protein and healthy aging. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;101:1339S–1345S.
    1. Phillips SM, Fulgoni VL III, Heaney RP, Nicklas TA, Slavin JL, Weaver CM. Commonly consumed protein foods contribute to nutrient intake, diet quality, and nutrient adequacy. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;101:1346S–1352S.
    1. Rodriguez NR, Miller SL. Effective translation of current dietary guidance: understanding an communicating the concepts of minimal and optimal levels of dietary protein. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;101101:1353S–1358S.
    1. Wejis PJM, Wolfe RR. Exploration of the protein requirement during weight loss in obese older adults. Clin Nutr 2016;35:394–398.
    1. Institue of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein and Amino Acids. Washington (DC): National Academies Press; 2002.
    1. Munro H, Crim M. The protein and aminoacids In Shils ME, Young VR, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1988. p1–37.
    1. Millward DJ. An adaptive metabolic demand model for protein and aminoacid requirements. Br J Nutr 2003;90:249–260.
    1. Linch CJ, Halle B, Fujii H, Vary T, Wallin R, Damuni Z, Hutson S. Potential role of leucine metabolism in the leucine‐signaling pathway involving mTOR. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003;285:E854–E863.
    1. Li F, Yin Y, Kong X, Wu G. Leucine nutrition in in animals and humans: mTOR signaling and beyond. Amino Acids 2011;41:1185–1193.
    1. Paddon‐Jones D, Rasmussen BB. Dietary protein recommendations and the prevention of sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009;12:86–90.
    1. Layman DK. Dietary guidelines should reflect new understandings about adult protein needs. Nutr Metab 2009;6: doi: .
    1. Hartman JW, Tang J, Wilkinson S, Tarnopolsky M, Lawrence R, Fullerton A, Phillips S. Consumption of fat‐free fluid milk after resistance exercise promotes greater lean mass accretion than does consumption of soy or carbohydrate in young, novice, male weight‐lifters. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:373–381.
    1. Breen L, Phillips SM. Interactions between exercise and nutrition to prevent muscle waste dunring aging. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;75:708–715.
    1. Yang Y, Breen L, Burd N, Hector AJ, Churchward‐Venne TA, Josse AR, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM. Resistance exercise enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis with graded intakes of whey proteins in older men. Br J Nutr 2012;108:1780–1788.
    1. Huth PJ, Fulgoni VL, Keast DR, Park KI, Auestad N. Major food sources of calories, added sugars, and saturated fat and their contribution to essential nutrients intake in the U.S. diet: data from the national health and nutrition examination survey (2003‐2006). Nutr J 2013;12:–116.
    1. Murphy MM, Spungen JH, Bi X, Barraj LM. Fresh and fresh lean pork are substantial sources of key nutrients when these products are consumed by adults in the United States. Nutr Res 2011;31:776–783.
    1. O'Neil CE, Keast DR, Fulgoni VL, Nicklas TA. Tree nut consumption improves nutrient intake and diet quality in US adults: an analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004. Nutr Res 2012;32:185–194.
    1. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein and Amino Acids. Washington (DC): National Academies Press; 2002.
    1. Institute of medicine, dietary refrence intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, protein, and amino acids (macronutrients) Washington (DC): The National Academies Press; 2002‐2005.
    1. Pimentel D, Pimentel M. Sustanibility of meat‐based and plant‐based diets and the environment. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;18:660S–663S.
    1. Contaldo F, Pasanisi F. High protein diet, obesity and the environment. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:387.
    1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/WHO . Dietary protein quality evaluation in human nutrition: report of an FAO expert consultation, Rome, Italy 2013, FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 92
    1. Wolfe RR, Rutherfurd SM, Kim IY, Moughan PJ. Protein quality as determined by the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score: evaluation of factors underlying the calculation. Nutr Rev 2016;74:584–599.
    1. Alonso PH, Salas‐Salvado J, Canela MRand other13 authors. High dietary protein intake is associated with an increased body weight and total death risk. Clin Nutr 2016;35:496–506.
    1. von Haehling S, Morley JE, Coats AJS, Anker SD. Ethical guidelines for publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle: update 2015. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2015;6:315–316.

Source: PubMed

Sponsors et collaborateurs

Les conditions médicales

Interventions en matière de drogue

3
S'abonner