The effect of Sailuotong (SLT) on neurocognitive and cardiovascular function in healthy adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled crossover pilot trial

Genevieve Z Steiner, Alan Yeung, Jian-Xun Liu, David A Camfield, Frances M de Blasio, Andrew Pipingas, Andrew B Scholey, Con Stough, Dennis H Chang, Genevieve Z Steiner, Alan Yeung, Jian-Xun Liu, David A Camfield, Frances M de Blasio, Andrew Pipingas, Andrew B Scholey, Con Stough, Dennis H Chang

Abstract

Background: Sailuotong (SLT) is a standardised herbal medicine formula consisting of Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, and Crocus sativus, and has been designed to enhance cognitive and cardiovascular function.

Methods: Using a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled crossover design, this pilot study assessed the effect of treatment for 1 week with SLT and placebo (1 week washout period) on neurocognitive and cardiovascular function in healthy adults. Sixteen adults completed a computerised neuropsychological test battery (Compass), and had their electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and cardiovascular system function assessed. Primary outcome measures were cognitive test scores and oddball task event-related potential (ERP) component amplitudes. Secondary outcome measures were resting EEG spectral band amplitudes, and cardiovascular parameters.

Results: Treatment with SLT, compared to placebo, resulted in small improvements in working memory, a slight increase in auditory target (cf. nontarget) P3a amplitude, and a decrease in auditory N1 target (cf. nontarget) amplitude. There was no effect of SLT on EEG amplitude in delta, theta, alpha, or beta bands in both eyes open and eyes closed resting conditions, or on aortic and peripheral pulse pressure, and resting heartrate.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that SLT has the potential to improve working memory performance in healthy adults; a larger sample size is needed to confirm this.

Trial registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Trial Registration Id: ACTRN12610000947000 .

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of the study participants
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Grand mean ERPs for targets and nontargets from the midline sites for both visual (left) and auditory (right) modalities. The solid lines represent the raw data, and the dashed lines illustrate the reconstructed PCA waveforms. PCA extracted components are labelled at Fz for both modalities
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Factor loadings for visual (top) and auditory (bottom) modalities. The topographic headmaps for each of the extracted ERP components are shown above the factor loadings (averaged across all subjects, treatments, and testing sessions), separately for each modality
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Mean difference topographic headmaps for auditory N1 and P3a. Headmaps illustrate the difference in stimulus condition (target minus nontarget) and the difference between sessions (post-treatment minus baseline) for placebo and SLT. A SLT related reduction in N1 negativity, and an increase in P3a positivity are apparent

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