Current trends to measure implant stability

Vasanthi Swami, Vasantha Vijayaraghavan, Vinit Swami, Vasanthi Swami, Vasantha Vijayaraghavan, Vinit Swami

Abstract

Implant stability plays a critical role for successful osseointegration. Successful osseointegration is a prerequisite for functional dental implants. Continuous monitoring in an objective and qualitative manner is important to determine the status of implant stability. Implant stability is measured at two different stages: Primary and secondary. Primary stability comes from mechanical engagement with cortical bone. Secondary stability is developed from regeneration and remodeling of the bone and tissue around the implant after insertion and affected by the primary stability, bone formation and remodelling. The time of functional loading is dependent upon the implant stability. Historically the gold standard method to evaluate stability were microscopic or histologic analysis, radiographs, however due to invasiveness of these methods and related ethical issues various other methods have been proposed like cutting torque resistance, reverse torque analysis, model analysis etc. It is, therefore, of an utmost importance to be able to access implant stability at various time points and to project a long term prognosis for successful therapy. Therefore this review focuses on the currently available methods for evaluation of implant stability.

Keywords: Primary stability; resonance frequency analysis; secondary stability.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Stability analysis for oral implant osseointegration from clinical oral implants research (a-Tensional test, b- Pushout method, c-Pull out method, d-Insertiona/removal method, e-Periotest, f-Resonance frequency analysis) 2010;21:1-12
Figure 2
Figure 2
Periotest® (Siemens AG, Benshein, Germany) measures tooth mobility and implant stability by Periotest value. (a) Periotest®, (b) Periotest®M
Figure 3
Figure 3
Picture showing the principle of electronic resonance frequency analyzer cited from Osstell website, www.osstell.com, April, 2011
Figure 4
Figure 4
Principle of the Osstell Mentor™. Magnetic peg (smart peg™) works like a tuning fork and Osstell ISQ™ www.osstell.com, April 2011

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Source: PubMed

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