Oesophageal cancer incidence in the United States by race, sex, and histologic type, 1977-2005

M B Cook, W-H Chow, S S Devesa, M B Cook, W-H Chow, S S Devesa

Abstract

Background: In the United States, the rates and temporal trends of oesophageal cancer overall and for the two predominant histologic types - adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) - differ between Blacks and Whites, but little is known with regard to the patterns among Asians/Pacific Islanders or Hispanics.

Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme data, we analysed oesophageal cancer incidence patterns by race, sex, and histologic type for the period 1977-2005.

Results: Total oesophageal cancer incidence has been increasing among Whites only; the rates among all other race groups have declined. Moreover, rates among White men surpassed those among Blacks in 2004. Oesophageal SCC rates have been decreasing among virtually all racial/ethnic groups; rates among Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander men have been intermediate to those of Blacks and Whites, with rates among women being lower than those among Blacks or Whites. The ADC rates among Hispanic men may be rising, akin to the historical trends among Whites and Blacks. The sex ratios for these cancers also varied markedly.

Conclusions: These observations may provide clues for aetiological research.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Oesophageal cancer incidence trends by histologic type, sex, and racial/ethnic group (SEER 9 and SEER 13). Rates are per 100 000 person-years, age-adjusted using US 2000 standard population data. ‘Whites’ refers to the rates for total Whites extracted from SEER 9. ‘Hispanics’ refers to the rates for Hispanics (Whites only) extracted from SEER 13.

References

    1. Abrams JA, Fields S, Lightdale CJ, Neugut AI (2008) Racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus among patients who undergo upper endoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 6: 30–34
    1. Blot WJ, Devesa SS, Kneller RW, Fraumeni Jr JF (1991) Rising incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. JAMA 265: 1287–1289
    1. Blot WJ, Devesa SS, Fraumeni Jr JF (1993) Continuing climb in rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma: an update. JAMA 270: 1320.
    1. Bosetti C, La Vecchia C, Talamini R, Simonato L, Zambon P, Negri E, Trichopoulos D, Lagiou P, Bardini R, Franceschi S (2000) Food groups and risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer in northern Italy. Int J Cancer 87: 289–294
    1. Brown LM, Devesa SS (2002) Epidemiologic trends in esophageal and gastric cancer in the United States. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 11: 235–256
    1. Brown LM, Devesa SS, Chow WH (2008) Incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus among white Americans by sex, stage, and age. J Natl Cancer Inst 100: 1184–1187
    1. Brown LM, Swanson CA, Gridley G, Swanson GM, Schoenberg JB, Greenberg RS, Silverman DT, Pottern LM, Hayes RB, Schwartz AG et al (1995) Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: role of obesity and diet. J Natl Cancer Inst 87: 104–109
    1. Cameron AJ, Zinsmeister AR, Ballard DJ, Carney JA (1990) Prevalence of columnar-lined (Barrett's) esophagus. Comparison of population-based clinical and autopsy findings. Gastroenterology 99: 918–922
    1. Cheng KK, Sharp L, McKinney PA, Logan RF, Chilvers CE, Cook-Mozaffari P, Ahmed A, Day NE (2000) A case-control study of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in women: a preventable disease. Br J Cancer 83: 127–132
    1. Clegg LX, Reichman ME, Hankey BF, Miller BA, Lin YD, Johnson NJ, Schwartz SM, Bernstein L, Chen VW, Goodman MT, Gomez SL, Graff JJ, Lynch CF, Lin CC, Edwards BK (2007) Quality of race, Hispanic ethnicity, and immigrant status in population-based cancer registry data: implications for health disparity studies. Cancer Causes Control 18: 177–187
    1. Conio M, Cameron AJ, Romero Y, Branch CD, Schleck CD, Burgart LJ, Zinsmeister AR, Melton 3rd LJ, Locke 3rd GR (2001) Secular trends in the epidemiology and outcome of Barrett's oesophagus in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Gut 48: 304–309
    1. Cook MB, Wild CP, Forman D (2005) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the sex ratio for Barrett's esophagus, erosive reflux disease, and nonerosive reflux disease. Am J Epidemiol 162: 1050–1061
    1. Cook MB, Wild CP, Everett SM, Hardie LJ, Bani-Hani KE, Martin IG, Forman D (2007) Risk of mortality and cancer incidence in Barrett's esophagus. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16: 2090–2096
    1. Cook MB, Greenwood DC, Hardie LJ, Wild CP, Forman D (2008) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of increasing adiposity on Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 103: 292–300
    1. Cook MB, Dawsey SM, Freedman ND, Inskip PD, Wichner SM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, McGlynn KA (2009) Sex disparities in cancer incidence by time period and age. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18: 1174–1182
    1. Corley DA, Kubo A, Zhao W (2007) Abdominal obesity, ethnicity and gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms. Gut 56: 756–762
    1. Corley DA, Kubo A, Levin TR, Block G, Habel L, Rumore G, Quesenberry C, Buffler P (2009) Race, ethnicity, sex and temporal differences in Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis: a large community-based study, 1994–2006. Gut 58: 182–188
    1. Devesa SS, Donaldson J, Fears T (1995) Graphical presentation of trends in rates. Am J Epidemiol 141: 300–304
    1. Devesa SS, Blot WJ, Fraumeni Jr JF (1998) Changing patterns in the incidence of esophageal and gastric carcinoma in the United States. Cancer 83: 2049–2053
    1. El-Serag HB, Petersen NJ, Carter J, Graham DY, Richardson P, Genta RM, Rabeneck L (2004) Gastroesophageal reflux among different racial groups in the United States. Gastroenterology 126: 1692–1699
    1. El-Serag HB, Sonnenberg A (1998) Opposing time trends of peptic ulcer and reflux disease. Gut 43: 327–333
    1. Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Leitzmann MF, Mouw T, Subar AF, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A (2007a) A prospective study of tobacco, alcohol, and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes. Am J Epidemiol 165: 1424–1433
    1. Freedman ND, Park Y, Subar AF, Hollenbeck AR, Leitzmann MF, Schatzkin A, Abnet CC (2007b) Fruit and vegetable intake and esophageal cancer in a large prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 121: 2753–2760
    1. Fritz AG, Percy C, Jack A, Shanmugaratnam K, Sobin L, Parkin DM, Whelan S (eds) (2000) International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. World Health Organization: Geneva
    1. Gonzalez CA, Pera G, Agudo A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ceroti M, Boeing H, Schulz M, Del Giudice G, Plebani M, Carneiro F, Berrino F, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Panico S, Berglund G, Siman H, Hallmans G, Stenling R, Martinez C, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Navarro C, Quiros JR, Allen N, Key TJ, Bingham S, Day NE, Linseisen J, Nagel G, Overvad K, Jensen MK, Olsen A, Tjonneland A, Buchner FL, Peeters PH, Numans ME, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Roukos D, Trichopoulou A, Psaltopoulou T, Lund E, Casagrande C, Slimani N, Jenab M, Riboli E (2006) Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of stomach and oesophagus adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST). Int J Cancer 118: 2559–2566
    1. Hampel H, Abraham NS, El-Serag HB (2005) Meta-analysis: obesity and the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications. Ann Intern Med 143: 199–211
    1. Holmes RS, Vaughan TL (2007) Epidemiology and pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol 17: 2–9
    1. Kamat P, Wen S, Morris J, Anandasabapathy S (2009) Exploring the association between elevated body mass index and Barrett's esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 87: 655–662
    1. Kant AK, Graubard BI, Kumanyika SK (2007) Trends in black-white differentials in dietary intakes of USA adults, 1971–2002. Am J Prev Med 32: 264–272
    1. Kubo A, Corley DA (2004) Marked multi-ethnic variation of esophageal and gastric cardia carcinomas within the United States. Am J Gastroenterol 99: 582–588
    1. Lagergren J, Bergstrom R, Lindgren A, Nyren O (1999) Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med 340: 825–831
    1. Macdonald CE, Wicks AC, Playford RJ (1997) Ten years' experience of screening patients with Barrett's oesophagus in a university teaching hospital. Gut 41: 303–307
    1. Mittal A, Ona FV, Randolph ML, Yamamoto J (2008) A fresh look at esophageal cancer incidence among Asian/Pacific Islanders and Caucasians. Hawaii Med J 67: 206–208
    1. Nathan H, Pawlik TM (2008) Limitations of claims and registry data in surgical oncology research. Ann Surg Oncol 15: 415–423
    1. National Center for Health Statistics (2007) Health, United States, 2007. In With Chartbook on Trends in the Health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD
    1. OriginLab Corp (2007) Origin. Northampton, MA
    1. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P (2005) Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 55: 74–108
    1. Smith M, Zhou M, Whitlock G, Yang G, Offer A, Hui G, Peto R, Huang Z, Chen Z (2008) Esophageal cancer and body mass index: results from a prospective study of 220,000 men in China and a meta-analysis of published studies. Int J Cancer 122: 1604–1610
    1. Spechler SJ, Jain SK, Tendler DA, Parker RA (2002) Racial differences in the frequency of symptoms and complications of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 16: 1795–1800
    1. Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program (2007a) () SEER*Stat Database: Incidence - SEER 9 Regs Limited-Use, Nov 2007 Sub (1973–2005) <Katrina/Rita Population Adjustment> - Linked To County Attributes - Total U.S., 1969–2005 Counties, National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released April 2008, based on the November 2007 submission
    1. Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program (2007b) () SEER*Stat Database: Incidence - SEER 13 Regs Limited-Use, Nov 2007 Sub (1992–2005) <Katrina/Rita Population Adjustment> - Linked To County Attributes - Total U.S., 1969–2005 Counties, National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released April 2008, based on the November 2007 submission
    1. Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program (2007c) Cancer Statistics Review 1975–2005. In based on November 2007 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, 2008, Ries LAG, Melbert D, Krapcho M, Stinchcomb DG, Howlader N, Horner MJ, Mariotto A, Miller BA, Feuer EJ, Altekruse SF, Lewis DR, Clegg L, Eisner MP, Reichman M, Edwards BK (eds). National Cancer Institute: Bethesda, MD
    1. Surveillance Research Program (2008) National Cancer Institute SEER*Stat software Vol. 2008
    1. Terry P, Lagergren J, Hansen H, Wolk A, Nyren O (2001) Fruit and vegetable consumption in the prevention of oesophageal and cardia cancers. Eur J Cancer Prev 10: 365–369
    1. Tiwari RC, Clegg LX, Zou Z (2006) Efficient interval estimation for age-adjusted cancer rates. Stat Methods Med Res 15: 547–569
    1. Trivers KF, Sabatino SA, Stewart SL (2008) Trends in esophageal cancer incidence by histology, United States, 1998-2003. Int J Cancer 123: 1422–1428
    1. Vaughan TL, Davis S, Kristal A, Thomas DB (1995) Obesity, alcohol, and tobacco as risk factors for cancers of the esophagus and gastric cardia: adenocarcinoma versus squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 4: 85–92
    1. Wang A, Mattek N, Holub J, Lieberman D, Eisen G (2009) Prevalence of Complicated Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Barrett's Esophagus Among Racial Groups in a Multi-Center Consortium. Dig Dis Sci 54: 964–971
    1. Wu X, Chen VW, Ruiz B, Andrews P, Su LJ, Correa P (2006) Incidence of esophageal and gastric carcinomas among American Asians/Pacific Islanders, whites, and blacks: subsite and histology differences. Cancer 106: 683–692
    1. Wu X, Chen VW, Andrews PA, Ruiz B, Correa P (2007) Incidence of esophageal and gastric cancers among Hispanics, non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks in the United States: subsite and histology differences. Cancer Causes Control 18: 585–593
    1. Zhang ZF, Kurtz RC, Yu GP, Sun M, Gargon N, Karpeh Jr M, Fein JS, Harlap S (1997) Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia: the role of diet. Nutr Cancer 27: 298–309
    1. Zippin C, Lum D, Hankey BF (1995) Completeness of hospital cancer case reporting from the SEER Program of the National Cancer Institute. Cancer 76: 2343–2350

Source: PubMed

Sponsors et collaborateurs

Les conditions médicales

Interventions en matière de drogue

3
S'abonner