Destigmatizing perceptions about Black adolescent depression: randomized controlled trial of brief social contact-based video interventions

Abstract

Objective: To test the utility of brief social contact-based video interventions of a Black adolescent girl to reduce stigmatized attitudes and increase help-seeking intentions around adolescent depression.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 14- to18-year-old healthy volunteers drawn from the general US population. We enrolled participants through a crowdsourcing platform (n = 1,093) and randomly assigned participants to one of three video conditions (117 s each): depressed (DEP); depressed, adjusted to aspects unique to being a Black adolescent girl (including experienced or internalized racism; ADJ); and control (CONT). The primary outcome was the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS); secondary outcomes were the General Health-Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ), and thermometers for Black and white race perception "warmth".

Results: Following the intervention, the DSS changed from baseline across the three conditions (p < .001). ADJ outperformed both DEP (p = .031) and CONT (p < .001). A race-by-intervention interaction (p < .001) revealed different response profiles between Black (ADJ = DEP = CONT; p = .726) and non-Black participants (ADJ > DEP > CONT; p < .001). DEP and ADJ both resulted in higher treatment-seeking intentions for both the emotional problems and the suicidal thought subscales of the GHSQ. We found a race-by-intervention interaction (p = .01) for the Black thermometer, which revealed a significant 2° increase in warmth among white (p < .001), but not Black, viewers (p = .06).

Conclusions: On a short-term basis, brief social contact-based videos proved effective among adolescents in reducing depression-related stigma, increasing help-seeking intentions, and providing an "empathic foothold" in the lives of racially stigmatized groups. Even as the enduring effects of these interventions remain to be determined, the deployment on social media of short videos opens new opportunities to reach a large number of at-risk youth."

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04890990.

Keywords: Depression; RCT design; Racism; anti- Blck racism; stigma.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: No conflicts declared.

© 2022 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.

Figures

Figure 1

Study flow chart

Figure 2

Mean change in the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) following social contact–based video interventions. Panels depict DSS changes stratified by participants’ race (A) or gender (B). Error bars indicate standard error of the mean (SEM). *** indicates differences within groups (paired t) or between groups (Tukey HSD) significant at p < .001

Figure 3

Mean change in racial perceptions following social contact–based video interventions. Panels depict Black (A) or White (B) “temperature” changes between Black and non-Black participants. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean (SEM). *** indicates differences within groups (paired t, p < .001)