Changes of blood pressure following initiation of physical inactivity and after external addition of pulses to circulation

Marvin A Sackner, Shivam Patel, Jose A Adams, Marvin A Sackner, Shivam Patel, Jose A Adams

Abstract

Purpose: To determine whether an innovative, motorized, wellness device that effortlessly produces physical activity (JD) can mitigate the hypertensive effects of prolonged sitting or lying down.

Methods: Twenty-two normotensive and hypertensive adults of both genders gave informed consent to participate in a randomized controlled crossover study of a passive simulated jogging device (JD) in both supine and seated postures. Each study participant was monitored with a continuous non-invasive arterial pressure monitoring device (CNAP) over 60 min. The initial 10 min served as baseline for each posture. The subjects were randomized to begin with either JD or SHAM control for 30 min, and monitoring was continued for an additional 10 min in one posture; three days later posture and order of JD or SHAM were changed.

Results: In both seated and supine postures, SHAM was associated with a significant rise in blood pressure (BP) which was observed within 5-10 min; it continued to rise or remain elevated for over a 40-min observation period. In contrast, JD produced a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both postures. During recovery in seated posture JD decreased systolic and diastolic BP by - 8.1 and - 7.6 mmHg, respectively. In supine posture, a similar decrease in BP occurred.

Conclusions: There is rapid onset of increase in systolic and diastolic BP with physical inactivity in both supine and seated postures. Administration of JD significantly decreased BP in both postures. Further studies are needed to assess long-term effectiveness.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03426774.

Keywords: Blood pressure; Physical inactivity; Prevention; Pulsatile shear stress; Wellness.

Conflict of interest statement

Ethical approval

This study along with informed consent forms was approved by Western Institutional Review Board, Puyallup WA 98374, the study is registered @ ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03426774.

Conflict of interest

Marvin A Sackner M.D. is President, Sackner Wellness Products LLC Miami FL 33132 and co-inventor of JD and Jose A Adams, M.D. is Scientific Director, Sackner Wellness Products LLC Miami FL 33132 and co-inventor of JD.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Consort flow diagram of the study. Twenty-two ambulatory paid individuals were recruited for this randomized crossover sub-study of a larger investigation registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03426774) by word of mouth. Subjects were randomized to one of two allocation arms. On day 1, one arm began in the seated posture, the other arm began in supine posture. Each subject started with SHAM, followed by JD in their allocated posture. The SHAM consisted of placing one JD in its operational position with the subject’s feet strapped to the pedals but not powered and another JD on the floor out of sight from the participant so that only operational noise from the powered JD could be heard. On day 3 the subjects returned and cross over occurred to the alternate posture from their first study posture (i.e., if the subject started in seated posture on day 1, on day 3 they crossed over to supine posture). A total of 22 subjects were analyzed, and none were excluded from the analysis
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Photograph of the Passive Simulated Jogging Device. The photograph depicts a close-up of the feet of a seated subject upon the pedals of the passive simulated jogging device (JD)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Blood Pressure in the Seated Posture for Passive Simulated Jogging Device (JD) and SHAM. Change in systolic (a) and Diastolic (b) blood pressure from baseline for JD (n = 22) and SHAM (n = 22) over time. BL Baseline, JD, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, (5 min epochs), initial 5 min of recovery (REC 5) and end of study (END). Significant differences between JD and SHAM (*p < 0.001)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Blood Pressure in the Supine Posture for Passive Simulated Jogging Device (JD) and SHAM. Change in systolic (a) and Diastolic (b) blood pressure from baseline for JD (n = 22) and SHAM (n = 22) over time. BL Baseline, JD, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 (5 min epochs), initial 5 min of recovery (REC 5) and end of study (END). Significant differences between JD and SHAM (*p < 0.001)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Blood Pressure During Passive Simulated Jogging Device (JD) in Seated and Supine Postures. Change in systolic (a) and Diastolic (b) blood pressure from baseline for during JD (n = 22) over time. BL Baseline, JD, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, (5 min epochs), initial 5 min of recovery (REC 5) and end of study (END). No significant differences between seated and supine. (Data not shown for SHAM)

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