Altered Gut Microbiota Composition Associated with Eczema in Infants

Huajun Zheng, Hong Liang, Yuezhu Wang, Maohua Miao, Tao Shi, Fen Yang, Enuo Liu, Wei Yuan, Zai-Si Ji, De-Kun Li, Huajun Zheng, Hong Liang, Yuezhu Wang, Maohua Miao, Tao Shi, Fen Yang, Enuo Liu, Wei Yuan, Zai-Si Ji, De-Kun Li

Abstract

Eczema is frequently the first manifestation of an atopic diathesis and alteration in the diversity of gut microbiota has been reported in infants with eczema. To identify specific bacterial communities associated with eczema, we conducted a case-control study of 50 infants with eczema (cases) and 51 healthy infants (controls). We performed high-throughput sequencing for V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA genes from the gut fecal material. A total of 12,386 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) at a 97% similarity level were obtained from the two groups, and we observed a difference in taxa abundance, but not the taxonomic composition, of gut microbiota between the two groups. We identified four genera enriched in healthy infants: Bifidobacterium, Megasphaera, Haemophilus and Streptococcus; and five genera enriched in infants with eczema: Escherichia/Shigella, Veillonella, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis and Clostridium XlVa. Several species, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus gnavus, that are known to be associated with atopy or inflammation, were found to be significantly enriched in infants with eczema. Higher abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in eczematous infants might reduce the integrity of intestinal barrier function and therefore increase the risk of developing eczema. On the other hand, Bacteroides fragilis and Streptococcus salivarius, which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties, were less abundant in infants with eczema. The observed differences in genera and species between cases and controls in this study may provide insight into the link between the microbiome and eczema risk.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1. Relative read abundance of different…
Fig 1. Relative read abundance of different bacterial above a cutoff value of 3%.
A: phylum levels; B: genus level. The outer circle represents gut microbiota of healthy infants, and the inner circle represents gut microbiota of eczematous infants.
Fig 2. Networks of all the 170…
Fig 2. Networks of all the 170 bacteria genera revealed in two groups.
Green circle: the unique genera of healthy infants’gut; red circle: the unique genera of eczematous infants. In pie charts, green represents the proportion of this genus in healthy infants and red represents the proportion in eczematous infants. On the top, the nine genera was the most abundance genera (>1% of total DNA sequences in both two groups); the left four genera was enriched in healthy infants, the right five genera was enriched in eczematous infants (q-value

Fig 3. Cladogram of biomarkers for eczematous…

Fig 3. Cladogram of biomarkers for eczematous group.

The red circle represented biomarkers and yellow…

Fig 3. Cladogram of biomarkers for eczematous group.
The red circle represented biomarkers and yellow circles represented non-discriminating taxa. Concentric rings from outside to inside were genus, family, order, class and phylum.
Fig 3. Cladogram of biomarkers for eczematous…
Fig 3. Cladogram of biomarkers for eczematous group.
The red circle represented biomarkers and yellow circles represented non-discriminating taxa. Concentric rings from outside to inside were genus, family, order, class and phylum.

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