The effects of at-home whitening on patients' oral health, psychology, and aesthetic perception

Cristian Bersezio, Javier Martín, Andrea Herrera, Alessandro Loguercio, Eduardo Fernández, Cristian Bersezio, Javier Martín, Andrea Herrera, Alessandro Loguercio, Eduardo Fernández

Abstract

Background: The aesthetic self-perception and psychosocial impact of whitening is poorly explored in the literature; it is even less clear whether the effect of whitening may influence the psychology or social relations of patients. Therefore, the aim of this trial is to evaluate the impact of an at-home whitening procedure on patients' quality of life. Also, this study's secondary objective is the adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the OES questionnaire (OES-SP).

Methods: Fifty eight patients underwent whitening with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel for 1 h daily for 3 weeks. For these participants, the OHIP-Esthetics, PIDAQ, and OES surveys were applied before, one week after, and one month after the whitening procedure. Oral health-related quality of life was measured using the OHIP-Esthetics survey and the psychosocial impact using the PIDAQ survey. The orofacial aesthetics was measured by OES and validated for the Spanish Chilean context. The treatment efficacy (ΔE and ΔSGU) and data from the OHIP-Esthetics PIDAQ and OES surveys were compared using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test.

Results: The whitening procedure was effective (ΔE = 5.9 ± 1.8). The OHIP-Esthetics results were significant when comparing the initial baseline survey prior to the treatment and one week after whitening (p < 0.001) and when comparing the baseline and one-month results (p < 0.001). The overall score on the PIDAQ, after one week post-whitening, was separated into factors and all factors were statistically significant (p < 0.03); the factors for the one-month results were also all statistically significant (p < 0.001), except the social impact factor. The OES questionnaire had statistically significantly increased scores both one week and one month post-treatment (p < 0.0001). The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the OES-SP were satisfactory.

Conclusion: The at-home whitening procedure with carbamide peroxide 10% had a positive effect on patients' oral health-related quality of life, psychology, and aesthetic perception after one month post-whitening. The Chilean Spanish version of the OES showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics to evaluate dental whitening.

Trial registration: NCT02605239 . Date that the study was retrospectively registered: 11-11-2015.

Keywords: OES; OHIP; PIDAQ; Quality of life; Whitening teeth.

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

2013/15 Ethics comitee.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

References

    1. Glick M, Williams DM, Kleinman DV, Vujicic M, Watt RG, Weyant RJ. A new definition for oral health developed by the FDI world dental federation opens the door to a universal definition of oral health. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016;147:915–917. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.10.001.
    1. Khan M, Fida M. Assessment of psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2008;18:559–564.
    1. Martin J, Vildosola P, Bersezio C, Herrera A, Bortolatto J, Saad JR, Oliveira OB, Jr, Fernandez E. Effectiveness of 6% hydrogen peroxide concentration for tooth bleaching-a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. J Dent. 2015;43:965–972. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.05.011.
    1. Santa-Rosa TT, Ferreira RC, Drummond AM, De Magalhaes CS, Vargas AM, Ferreira EFE. Impact of aesthetic restorative treatment on anterior teeth with fluorosis among residents of an endemic area in Brazil: intervention study. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:52. doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-52.
    1. Bernardon JK, Sartori N, Ballarin A, Perdigao J, Lopes GC, Baratieri LN. Clinical performance of vital bleaching techniques. Oper Dent. 2010;35:3–10. doi: 10.2341/09-008CR.
    1. Bizhang M, Chun YH, Damerau K, Singh P, Raab WH, Zimmer S. Comparative clinical study of the effectiveness of three different bleaching methods. Oper Dent. 2009;34:635–641. doi: 10.2341/08-069-C.
    1. Costa FO, Miranda Cota LO, Pereira Lages EJ, Vilela Camara GC, Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Costa JE, Medeiros Lorentz TC. Oral impact on daily performance, personality traits, and compliance in periodontal maintenance therapy. J Periodontol. 2011;82:1146–1154. doi: 10.1902/jop.2011.100515.
    1. Meireles SS, Goettems ML, Dantas RV, Bona AD, Santos IS, Demarco FF. Changes in oral health related quality of life after dental bleaching in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Dent. 2014;42:114–121. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.022.
    1. McGrath C, Wong AH, Lo EC, Cheung CS. The sensitivity and responsiveness of an oral health related quality of life measure to tooth whitening. J Dent. 2005;33:697–702. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2005.01.012.
    1. Bruhn AM, Darby ML, McCombs GB, Lynch CM. Vital tooth whitening effects on oral health-related quality of life in older adults. J Dent Hyg. 2012;86:239–247.
    1. Klages U, Claus N, Wehrbein H, Zentner A. Development of a questionnaire for assessment of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in young adults. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:103–111. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cji083.
    1. Fernandez E, Bersezio C, Bottner J, Avalos F, Godoy I, Inda D, Vildosola P, Saad J, Oliveira OB, Jr, Martin J. Longevity, esthetic perception, and psychosocial impact of teeth bleaching by low (6%) hydrogen peroxide concentration for in-office treatment: a randomized clinical trial. Oper Dent. 2017;42:41–52. doi: 10.2341/15-335-C.
    1. Larsson P, John MT, Nilner K, Bondemark L, List T. Development of an orofacial esthetic scale in prosthodontic patients. Int J Prosthodont. 2010;23:249–256.
    1. Persic S, Milardovic S, Mehulic K, Celebic A. Psychometric properties of the Croatian version of the orofacial esthetic scale and suggestions for modification. Int J Prosthodont. 2011;24:523–533.
    1. Reissmann DR, Benecke AW, Aarabi G, Sierwald I. Development and validation of the German version of the orofacial esthetic scale. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19:1443–1450. doi: 10.1007/s00784-014-1365-4.
    1. Wetselaar P, Koutris M, Visscher CM, Larsson P, John MT, Lobbezoo F. Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the orofacial esthetic scale (OES-NL) in dental patients with and without self-reported tooth wear. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42:803–809. doi: 10.1111/joor.12314.
    1. Bimbashi V, Celebic A, Staka G, Hoxha F, Persic S, Petricevic N. Psychometric properties of the Albanian version of the orofacial esthetic scale: OES-ALB. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15:97. doi: 10.1186/s12903-015-0083-x.
    1. Rezende M, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Kossatz S. Clinical effects of exposure to coffee during at-home vital bleaching. Oper Dent. 2013;38:E229–E236. doi: 10.2341/12-188-C.
    1. Wong AH, Cheung CS, McGrath C. Developing a short form of Oral health impact profile (OHIP) for dental aesthetics: OHIP-aesthetic. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007;35:64–72. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00330.x.
    1. Núñez L, Dreyer E, Martin J, Moncada G. Validation of the OHIP-aesthetic Sp questionnaire for Chilean adults. The Journal of Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Epidemiology. 2013;1:1-12.
    1. Montiel-Company JM, Bellot-Arcis C, Almerich-Silla JM. Validation of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (Pidaq) in Spanish adolescents. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18:e168–e173. doi: 10.4317/medoral.18324.
    1. Browning WD. Use of shade guides for color measurement in tooth-bleaching studies. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2003;15(Suppl 1):S13–S20. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2003.tb00314.x.
    1. Kim-Pusateri S, Brewer JD, Davis EL, Wee AG. Reliability and accuracy of four dental shade-matching devices. J Prosthet Dent. 2009;101:193–199. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(09)60028-7.
    1. de Geus JL, Wambier LM, Boing TF, Loguercio AD, Reis A. At-home bleaching with 10% vs more concentrated Carbamide peroxide gels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oper Dent. 2018;43:E210–e222. doi: 10.2341/17-222-L.
    1. Cardoso PC, Reis A, Loguercio A, Vieira LC, Baratieri LN. Clinical effectiveness and tooth sensitivity associated with different bleaching times for a 10 percent carbamide peroxide gel. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010;141:1213–1220. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0048.
    1. Almeida LC, Riehl H, Santos PH, Sundfeld ML, Briso AL. Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of different bleaching therapies in vital teeth. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2012;32:303–309.
    1. da Costa JB, McPharlin R, Hilton T, Ferracane JI, Wang M. Comparison of two at-home whitening products of similar peroxide concentration and different delivery methods. Oper Dent. 2012;37:333–339. doi: 10.2341/11-053-C.
    1. de Geus JL, Bersezio C, Urrutia J, Yamada T, Fernandez E, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Kossatz S. Effectiveness of and tooth sensitivity with at-home bleaching in smokers: A multicenter clinical trial. J Am Dent Assoc. 2015;146:233–240. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2014.12.014.
    1. Bortolatto JF, Pretel H, Floros MC, Luizzi AC, Dantas AA, Fernandez E, Moncada G, de Oliveira OB., Jr Low concentration H2O2/TiO_N in office bleaching: a randomized clinical trial. J Dent Res. 2014;93:66s–71s. doi: 10.1177/0022034514537466.
    1. Angel P, Bersezio C, Estay J, Werner A, Retamal H, Araya C, Martin J, Fernández E. Color stability, psychosocial impact, and effect on self-perception of esthetics of tooth whitening using low-concentration (6%) hydrogen peroxide. Quintessence Int. 2018;49(7):557-66.
    1. Bersezio C, Ledezma P, Mayer C, Rivera O, Fernández E. Color regression and effect maintenance on the quality of life of intra-coronal whitening. RCT - one year follow-up. Oper Dent. 2018;10.2341/17-288-c.
    1. Bersezio C, Martín J, Angel P, Bottner J, Avalos F, Godoy I, fernández E. Teeth whitening with 6% hydrogen peroxide and its impact on quality of life: two years of follow-up. Odontology. 2018;10.1007/s10266-018-0372-3.
    1. Bersezio C, Martín J, Estay J, Peña F, Rubio M, Vernal R, Oliveira Junior O, Fernández E. Effectiveness and impact of the walking bleach technique on esthetic self-perception and psychosocial factors: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Oper Dent. 2017;42(6):596-605.

Source: PubMed

Sponsors et collaborateurs

Les conditions médicales

Interventions en matière de drogue

3
S'abonner