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Energy Cost and Metabolic Intensity of Pilates Exercises in Older Adults

27 maggio 2026 aggiornato da: Raphael Goncalves de Oliveira, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Parana

Energetic Cost and Metabolic Intensity of Pilates Exercises in Older Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study

Pilates is one of the most popular forms of exercise among older adults worldwide. However, no study has measured how many calories a Pilates session burns or how hard the body works during it in people aged 60 and over. This information is important for exercise professionals who prescribe Pilates for health promotion goals such as weight management and cardiovascular fitness.

This study will measure the energy cost and metabolic intensity of two types of Pilates - mat Pilates and equipment-based Pilates - in older adults using a portable indirect calorimetry system (Cosmed K5). Results will be compared to treadmill walking at 4.8 km/h, a well-established moderate-intensity activity.

Twenty men and women aged 60 years or older with at least 6 months of continuous Pilates experience will complete three exercise sessions in a randomized order: (1) mat Pilates, (2) equipment-based Pilates, and (3) treadmill walking. Each Pilates session will consist of 9 exercises, with stretching exercises used as warm-up and cool-down and 7 strengthening exercises performed in the main portion of the session (~50 min). Oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, heart rate, and perceived exertion will be measured throughout each session.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Reclutamento

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

This is a randomized crossover acute intervention trial conducted at the Human Movement Biodynamics Laboratory, Center for Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Jacarezinho, Paraná, Brazil.

Twenty older adults (men and women; aged ≥ 60 years) with at least 6 months of uninterrupted Pilates practice will be recruited. Participants will complete three experimental sessions in a randomized order (randomization.com): (1) mat Pilates, (2) equipment-based Pilates, and (3) treadmill walking at 4.8 km/h. A minimum washout of 48 hours will be observed between sessions.

Before experimental sessions, participants will undergo anthropometric assessment, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Lunar Prodigy Advance), and a maximal graded treadmill test (modified Balke protocol) to determine peak VO2. Familiarization sessions will be held one week prior to data collection.

Each Pilates session will include 9 exercises: 1 stretching exercise as warm-up, 7 strengthening exercises as the main portion of the session (~50 min), and 1 stretching exercise as cool-down. Strengthening exercises will be performed in 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 1-minute rest intervals. Mat Pilates will use body weight and accessories (Swiss ball, elastic bands, foam roller, magic circle). Equipment-based Pilates will use Reformer, Cadillac, Ladder Barrel and Step Chair. The treadmill walking session will consist of 50 minutes at 4.8 km/h (1% incline), preceded by a 5-minute warm-up and followed by a 5-minute cool-down (warm-up and cool-down periods excluded from analysis).

Energy cost and metabolic intensity will be measured using the Cosmed K5 portable indirect calorimetry system (breath-by-breath). Resting metabolic rate will be estimated from the final 5 minutes of a 20-minute supine rest period before each session. Metabolic intensity will be expressed in METs using the older adult reference value (1 MET₆₀ = 2.7 mL/kg/min). Rating of perceived exertion (Borg CR-10) will be assessed after each exercise set (Pilates) or every 5 minutes (walking); session RPE will be recorded 30 minutes after session completion.

All sessions will be held between 9:00-10:00 AM in a temperature-controlled room (22°C; 40-60% relative humidity). Participants will receive a standardized pre-exercise meal (28 g carbohydrate, 12 g protein, 1.2 g fat; 174 kcal) 30 minutes before each session, following an 8-hour overnight fast.

Statistical analysis: Data normality will be assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Descriptive statistics will be expressed as mean ± SD. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (protocol × time) will be used to compare conditions across time points. Mauchly's test will assess sphericity; Greenhouse-Geisser correction will be applied if violated. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons will use Bonferroni correction. Effect sizes will be reported as partial eta-squared (η²p). Cohen's d will be calculated for pairwise comparisons. Significance level: p < 0.05. Analyses will be performed using SPSS 25.0.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Stimato)

20

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Contatto studio

Backup dei contatti dello studio

Luoghi di studio

  • Brasile
    • Paraná
      • Jacarezinho, Paraná, Brasile, 86400-000
        • Reclutamento
        • Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná
        • Contatto:
        • Contatto:
        • Sub-investigatore:
          • Matheus R Quaglio, MSC

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto
  • Adulto più anziano

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 60 years or older;
  • Body mass index (BMI) between 22 and 27 kg/m²;
  • Not currently undergoing dietary treatment or program for weight gain or loss;
  • No severe musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., osteoarthritis grade III or IV, moderate-to-severe pain ≥ 4 on the NRS 0-10 scale) or neurological conditions (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis);
  • Continuously practicing Pilates for at least 6 months prior to enrollment, with a minimum frequency of twice per week.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Chronic decompensated conditions that may pose health risks during exercise (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, bronchitis, asthma);
  • Any history of cardiovascular events (e.g., coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular heart disease);
  • Decompensated metabolic diseases or use of medications with recognized direct impact on energy and glycemic metabolism, including antidiabetics and systemic corticosteroids;
  • Positive response to any item on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q).

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Prevenzione
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione incrociata
  • Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Mat Pilates
Participants will perform a mat Pilates session consisting of 9 exercises: 1 stretching exercise as warm-up, 7 strengthening exercises, and 1 stretching exercise as cool-down. Strengthening exercises will be performed in 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 1-minute rest intervals (~50 min). Exercises will use body weight and accessories (Swiss ball, elastic bands, foam roller, and magic circle). Warm-up and cool-down periods will be excluded from analysis.
Comportamentale: Mat Pilates
A single session of mat Pilates consisting of 9 exercises: 1 stretching exercise as warm-up, 7 strengthening exercises (~50 min, 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 1-minute rest intervals), and 1 stretching exercise as cool-down. Exercises are performed using body weight and accessories (Swiss ball, elastic bands, foam roller, and magic circle).
Sperimentale: Equipment-Based Pilates
Participants will perform an equipment-based Pilates session consisting of 9 exercises: 1 stretching exercise as warm-up, 7 strengthening exercises, and 1 stretching exercise as cool-down. Strengthening exercises will be performed in 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 1-minute rest intervals (~50 min). Exercises will be performed using Reformer, Cadillac, Ladder Barrel, and Step Chair. Warm-up and cool-down periods will be excluded from analysis.
Comportamentale: Equipment-Based Pilates
A single session of equipment-based Pilates consisting of 9 exercises: 1 stretching exercise as warm-up, 7 strengthening exercises (~50 min, 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 1-minute rest intervals), and 1 stretching exercise as cool-down. Exercises are performed using Reformer, Cadillac, Ladder Barrel, and Step Chair.
Comparatore attivo: Treadmill Walking
Participants will perform 50 minutes of treadmill walking at 4.8 km/h with 1% incline, preceded by a 5-minute warm-up and followed by a 5-minute cool-down at 3.0 km/h. Warm-up and cool-down periods will be excluded from analysis.
Comportamentale: Treadmill Walking
A single session of treadmill walking consisting of 50 minutes at 4.8 km/h (1% incline), preceded by a 5-minute warm-up and followed by a 5-minute cool-down at 3.0 km/h.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Metabolic Intensity
Lasso di tempo: At baseline (pre-session), during each 50-minute exercise session, and 30 minutes after session completion.
Metabolic intensity will be assessed as metabolic equivalents (METs) measured by portable indirect calorimetry (Cosmed K5, breath-by-breath) during each exercise session. METs will be calculated using the older adult reference value (1 MET₆₀ = 2.7 mL/kg/min).
At baseline (pre-session), during each 50-minute exercise session, and 30 minutes after session completion.
Energy Expenditure
Lasso di tempo: At baseline (pre-session), during each 50-minute exercise session, and 30 minutes after session completion.
Total energy expenditure (kcal) will be measured by portable indirect calorimetry (Cosmed K5, breath-by-breath) during each exercise session.
At baseline (pre-session), during each 50-minute exercise session, and 30 minutes after session completion.

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Oxygen Consumption
Lasso di tempo: At baseline (pre-session), during each 50-minute exercise session, and 30 minutes after session completion.
Oxygen consumption (VO₂, mL/kg/min) will be measured by portable indirect calorimetry (Cosmed K5, breath-by-breath) during each exercise session.
At baseline (pre-session), during each 50-minute exercise session, and 30 minutes after session completion.
Heart Rate
Lasso di tempo: At baseline (pre-session), during each 50-minute exercise session, and 30 minutes after session completion.
Heart rate (bpm) will be continuously monitored throughout each exercise session using a Garmin wearable chest strap monitor synchronized with the Cosmed K5 system.
At baseline (pre-session), during each 50-minute exercise session, and 30 minutes after session completion.
Rating of Perceived Exertion
Lasso di tempo: During each exercise session and 30 minutes after session completion
Perceived exertion will be assessed using the Borg CR-10 scale after each exercise set (Pilates sessions) or every 5 minutes (treadmill walking). Session RPE will be recorded 30 minutes after session completion.
During each exercise session and 30 minutes after session completion

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Universidade Estadual do Norte do Parana

Investigatori

  • Cattedra di studio: Matheus R Quaglio, MSC, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Stimato)

1 giugno 2026

Completamento primario (Stimato)

1 dicembre 2026

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

1 dicembre 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

27 maggio 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

27 maggio 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

2 giugno 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

2 giugno 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

27 maggio 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 maggio 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Parole chiave

Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • CEP_7.934.239

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Descrizione del piano IPD

Individual participant data will not be shared. The Ethics Committee of Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná did not authorize the sharing of individual participant data.

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

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