Questa pagina è stata tradotta automaticamente e l'accuratezza della traduzione non è garantita. Si prega di fare riferimento al Versione inglese per un testo di partenza.

Breathing Exercises Combined With Core Stabilization Exercises in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea

5 agosto 2026 aggiornato da: University of Lahore

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition among women of reproductive age and is associated with pelvic pain, psychological distress, and reduced health-related quality of life. Although core stabilization exercises and breathing exercises have individually demonstrated beneficial effects, evidence regarding their combined effectiveness remains limited.

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of core stabilization exercises alone with breathing exercises combined with core stabilization exercises in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Forty-eight women aged 18-25 years will be randomly allocated to either the control group (core stabilization exercises) or the experimental group (breathing exercises combined with core stabilization exercises). Both groups will participate in supervised exercise sessions three times per week for eight weeks.

Outcome measures will include menstrual pain intensity, psychological status, and health-related quality of life, assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) at baseline and Week 8.

The study will determine whether adding breathing exercises to core stabilization exercises provides greater clinical benefits than core stabilization exercises alone.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Completato

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological disorders affecting women of reproductive age and is characterized by recurrent menstrual pain that negatively affects physical, psychological, and social well-being. Exercise-based physiotherapy interventions have demonstrated beneficial effects in reducing pain and improving function; however, evidence regarding the combined use of breathing exercises and core stabilization exercises remains limited.

This randomized controlled trial is designed to compare the effectiveness of breathing exercises combined with core stabilization exercises versus core stabilization exercises alone in women with primary dysmenorrhea. A total of 48 eligible women aged 18-25 years will be randomly assigned to one of two groups.

The control group will receive core stabilization exercises, while the experimental group will receive breathing exercises combined with core stabilization exercises. Both groups will attend supervised exercise sessions three times per week for eight weeks.

Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and Week 8. Menstrual pain intensity will be measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), psychological status using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), and health-related quality of life using the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12).

Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 26. Independent-samples t-tests, paired-samples t-tests, and repeated-measures ANOVA will be used to compare outcomes within and between groups. The findings of this study will determine whether adding breathing exercises to core stabilization exercises provides greater improvements in pain intensity, psychological status, and quality of life than core stabilization exercises alone.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

48

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab Province
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan
        • The University of Lahore

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto

Accetta volontari sani

No

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Female participants aged 18-25 years.
  • Clinical diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea confirmed through medical history or self-report.
  • Baseline menstrual pain intensity of 4 or higher on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
  • Willing to participate and provide written informed consent.
  • Agree not to receive any additional treatment for dysmenorrhea during the study period.

Exclusion Criteria

  • Secondary dysmenorrhea caused by conditions such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, or uterine fibroids.
  • Pregnancy or childbirth within the previous six months.
  • Diagnosed pelvic floor disorders or chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
  • Severe psychological disorders or chronic pain conditions that may interfere with outcome assessment.
  • Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD).
  • History of pelvic surgery within the previous 12 months.

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Trattamento
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Comparatore attivo: Core Stabilization Exercises
Participants assigned to the control group will receive supervised core stabilization exercises three times per week for eight weeks. Each treatment session will last approximately 40 minutes.
Comportamentale: Core Stabilization Exercises

Participants will perform a supervised core stabilization exercise program designed to improve trunk muscle strength, core stability, and pelvic stability. The intervention will be delivered three times per week for eight weeks, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes.

Each session will begin with a 5-minute warm-up consisting of marching in place, torso rotations, side bends, cat-cow stretching, and hip circles.

The exercise program includes bicycle crunches (3 sets × 15 repetitions), abdominal curls (3 sets × 15 repetitions), standing trunk rotations (3 sets × 15 repetitions), side bends (3 sets × 15 repetitions), pelvic bridging (3 sets × 15 repetitions), and mountain climbers (3 sets × 15 repetitions). Rest intervals of 10-20 seconds will be provided between exercises.
Sperimentale: Breathing exercises combined with core stabilization exercises
Participants assigned to the experimental group will receive breathing exercises combined with the same core stabilization exercise program as the control group. Treatment sessions will be conducted three times per week for eight weeks, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes.
Comportamentale: Core Stabilization Exercises

Participants will perform a supervised core stabilization exercise program designed to improve trunk muscle strength, core stability, and pelvic stability. The intervention will be delivered three times per week for eight weeks, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes.

Each session will begin with a 5-minute warm-up consisting of marching in place, torso rotations, side bends, cat-cow stretching, and hip circles.

The exercise program includes bicycle crunches (3 sets × 15 repetitions), abdominal curls (3 sets × 15 repetitions), standing trunk rotations (3 sets × 15 repetitions), side bends (3 sets × 15 repetitions), pelvic bridging (3 sets × 15 repetitions), and mountain climbers (3 sets × 15 repetitions). Rest intervals of 10-20 seconds will be provided between exercises.

Comportamentale: Breathing Exercises Combined with Core Stabilization Exercises

Participants will receive supervised breathing exercises combined with the standard core stabilization exercise program. The intervention will be delivered three sessions per week for eight weeks, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes.

The breathing exercise component will last approximately 8 minutes and will include the following techniques:

  • Diaphragmatic Breathing: Participants will inhale deeply through the nose while allowing the abdomen to expand and then exhale slowly through the mouth.
  • 4-7-8 Breathing: Participants will inhale through the nose for 4 seconds, hold their breath for 7 seconds, and exhale slowly through the mouth for 8 seconds.
  • Alternate Nostril Breathing (Nadi Shodhana): Participants will perform alternate nostril breathing by inhaling and exhaling through alternate nostrils in a controlled sequence.
  • Guided Relaxation with Slow Breathing: Participants will perform slow, controlled breathing while focusing on whole-body relaxation.

The breat

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change from Baseline in Menstrual Pain Intensity
Lasso di tempo: Baseline, Week 8
Menstrual pain intensity assessed via the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Scores range from 0 mm to 100 mm. Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.
Baseline, Week 8

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change from Baseline in SF-12 Physical Component Summary Score
Lasso di tempo: Baseline, Week 8
Physical health-related quality of life assessed via the SF-12 Physical Component Summary (PCS) score. Scores range from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better physical health.
Baseline, Week 8
Change from Baseline in SF-12 Mental Component Summary Score
Lasso di tempo: Baseline, Week 8
Mental health-related quality of life assessed via the SF-12 Mental Component Summary (MCS) score. Scores range from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better mental health.
Baseline, Week 8
Change from Baseline in DASS-21 Depression Subscale Score
Lasso di tempo: Baseline, Week 8
Depression symptoms assessed via the Depression subscale of the DASS-21. Scores range from 0 to 42. Higher scores indicate greater severity of depressive symptoms.
Baseline, Week 8
Change from Baseline in DASS-21 Anxiety Subscale Score
Lasso di tempo: Baseline, Week 8
Anxiety symptoms assessed via the Anxiety subscale of the DASS-21. Scores range from 0 to 42. Higher scores indicate greater severity of anxiety symptoms.
Baseline, Week 8
Change from Baseline in DASS-21 Stress Subscale Score
Lasso di tempo: Baseline, Week 8
Stress symptoms assessed via the Stress subscale of the DASS-21. Scores range from 0 to 42. Higher scores indicate greater severity of stress symptoms.
Baseline, Week 8

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

University of Lahore

Pubblicazioni e link utili

La persona responsabile dell'inserimento delle informazioni sullo studio fornisce volontariamente queste pubblicazioni. Questi possono riguardare qualsiasi cosa relativa allo studio.

Pubblicazioni generali

  • Mustain M, Shela M, Tri Y, Witriani W, Hussein M, editors. The Effect of Deep Breathing Relaxation Techniques on Reducing Dysmenorrhea Pain in Adolescent Girls at The Indah 43 Dormitory in Cemani Village. Proceeding of International Conference on Science, Health, And Technology; 2024. 17. Chodon L, Samuel J. Lalramzawni (2024) Core Stability Exercise on Low Back Ache, Back Endurance and Health Related Quality of Life in Primary Dysmenorrhea-A Single Group Experimental Study. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2024;17(24):2494-8. . Martire FG, Piccione E, Exacoustos C, Zupi E. Endometriosis and adolescence: the impact of dysmenorrhea. Journal of clinical medicine. 2023;12(17):5624. . Itani R, Soubra L, Karout S, Rahme D, Karout L, Khojah HM. Primary dysmenorrhea: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment updates. Korean journal of family medicine. 2022;43(2):101.

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

18 ottobre 2025

Completamento primario (Effettivo)

20 dicembre 2025

Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)

15 aprile 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

24 luglio 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

5 agosto 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

7 agosto 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

7 agosto 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

5 agosto 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 novembre 2025

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Parole chiave

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • MSWH-PD-001

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Descrizione del piano IPD

no plans to share IPD due to institutional policy and participants confidentiality.

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

Sottoscrivi