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Breathing Exercises Combined With Core Stabilization Exercises in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea

5 августа 2026 г. обновлено: University of Lahore

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition among women of reproductive age and is associated with pelvic pain, psychological distress, and reduced health-related quality of life. Although core stabilization exercises and breathing exercises have individually demonstrated beneficial effects, evidence regarding their combined effectiveness remains limited.

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of core stabilization exercises alone with breathing exercises combined with core stabilization exercises in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Forty-eight women aged 18-25 years will be randomly allocated to either the control group (core stabilization exercises) or the experimental group (breathing exercises combined with core stabilization exercises). Both groups will participate in supervised exercise sessions three times per week for eight weeks.

Outcome measures will include menstrual pain intensity, psychological status, and health-related quality of life, assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) at baseline and Week 8.

The study will determine whether adding breathing exercises to core stabilization exercises provides greater clinical benefits than core stabilization exercises alone.

Обзор исследования

Статус

Завершенный

Условия

Вмешательство/лечение

Подробное описание

Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological disorders affecting women of reproductive age and is characterized by recurrent menstrual pain that negatively affects physical, psychological, and social well-being. Exercise-based physiotherapy interventions have demonstrated beneficial effects in reducing pain and improving function; however, evidence regarding the combined use of breathing exercises and core stabilization exercises remains limited.

This randomized controlled trial is designed to compare the effectiveness of breathing exercises combined with core stabilization exercises versus core stabilization exercises alone in women with primary dysmenorrhea. A total of 48 eligible women aged 18-25 years will be randomly assigned to one of two groups.

The control group will receive core stabilization exercises, while the experimental group will receive breathing exercises combined with core stabilization exercises. Both groups will attend supervised exercise sessions three times per week for eight weeks.

Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and Week 8. Menstrual pain intensity will be measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), psychological status using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), and health-related quality of life using the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12).

Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 26. Independent-samples t-tests, paired-samples t-tests, and repeated-measures ANOVA will be used to compare outcomes within and between groups. The findings of this study will determine whether adding breathing exercises to core stabilization exercises provides greater improvements in pain intensity, psychological status, and quality of life than core stabilization exercises alone.

Тип исследования

Интервенционный

Регистрация (Действительный)

48

Фаза

  • Непригодный

Контакты и местонахождение

В этом разделе приведены контактные данные лиц, проводящих исследование, и информация о том, где проводится это исследование.

Места учебы

  • Пакистан
    • Punjab Province
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Пакистан
        • The University of Lahore

Критерии участия

Исследователи ищут людей, которые соответствуют определенному описанию, называемому критериям приемлемости. Некоторыми примерами этих критериев являются общее состояние здоровья человека или предшествующее лечение.

Критерии приемлемости

Возраст, подходящий для обучения

  • Взрослый

Принимает здоровых добровольцев

Нет

Описание

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Female participants aged 18-25 years.
  • Clinical diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea confirmed through medical history or self-report.
  • Baseline menstrual pain intensity of 4 or higher on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
  • Willing to participate and provide written informed consent.
  • Agree not to receive any additional treatment for dysmenorrhea during the study period.

Exclusion Criteria

  • Secondary dysmenorrhea caused by conditions such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, or uterine fibroids.
  • Pregnancy or childbirth within the previous six months.
  • Diagnosed pelvic floor disorders or chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
  • Severe psychological disorders or chronic pain conditions that may interfere with outcome assessment.
  • Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD).
  • History of pelvic surgery within the previous 12 months.

Учебный план

В этом разделе представлена ​​подробная информация о плане исследования, в том числе о том, как планируется исследование и что оно измеряет.

Как устроено исследование?

Детали дизайна

  • Основная цель: Уход
  • Распределение: Рандомизированный
  • Интервенционная модель: Параллельное назначение
  • Маскировка: Нет (открытая этикетка)

Оружие и интервенции

Группа участников / Армия
Вмешательство/лечение
Активный компаратор: Core Stabilization Exercises
Participants assigned to the control group will receive supervised core stabilization exercises three times per week for eight weeks. Each treatment session will last approximately 40 minutes.
Поведенческий: Core Stabilization Exercises

Participants will perform a supervised core stabilization exercise program designed to improve trunk muscle strength, core stability, and pelvic stability. The intervention will be delivered three times per week for eight weeks, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes.

Each session will begin with a 5-minute warm-up consisting of marching in place, torso rotations, side bends, cat-cow stretching, and hip circles.

The exercise program includes bicycle crunches (3 sets × 15 repetitions), abdominal curls (3 sets × 15 repetitions), standing trunk rotations (3 sets × 15 repetitions), side bends (3 sets × 15 repetitions), pelvic bridging (3 sets × 15 repetitions), and mountain climbers (3 sets × 15 repetitions). Rest intervals of 10-20 seconds will be provided between exercises.
Экспериментальный: Breathing exercises combined with core stabilization exercises
Participants assigned to the experimental group will receive breathing exercises combined with the same core stabilization exercise program as the control group. Treatment sessions will be conducted three times per week for eight weeks, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes.
Поведенческий: Core Stabilization Exercises

Participants will perform a supervised core stabilization exercise program designed to improve trunk muscle strength, core stability, and pelvic stability. The intervention will be delivered three times per week for eight weeks, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes.

Each session will begin with a 5-minute warm-up consisting of marching in place, torso rotations, side bends, cat-cow stretching, and hip circles.

The exercise program includes bicycle crunches (3 sets × 15 repetitions), abdominal curls (3 sets × 15 repetitions), standing trunk rotations (3 sets × 15 repetitions), side bends (3 sets × 15 repetitions), pelvic bridging (3 sets × 15 repetitions), and mountain climbers (3 sets × 15 repetitions). Rest intervals of 10-20 seconds will be provided between exercises.

Поведенческий: Breathing Exercises Combined with Core Stabilization Exercises

Participants will receive supervised breathing exercises combined with the standard core stabilization exercise program. The intervention will be delivered three sessions per week for eight weeks, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes.

The breathing exercise component will last approximately 8 minutes and will include the following techniques:

  • Diaphragmatic Breathing: Participants will inhale deeply through the nose while allowing the abdomen to expand and then exhale slowly through the mouth.
  • 4-7-8 Breathing: Participants will inhale through the nose for 4 seconds, hold their breath for 7 seconds, and exhale slowly through the mouth for 8 seconds.
  • Alternate Nostril Breathing (Nadi Shodhana): Participants will perform alternate nostril breathing by inhaling and exhaling through alternate nostrils in a controlled sequence.
  • Guided Relaxation with Slow Breathing: Participants will perform slow, controlled breathing while focusing on whole-body relaxation.

The breat

Что измеряет исследование?

Первичные показатели результатов

Мера результата
Мера Описание
Временное ограничение
Change from Baseline in Menstrual Pain Intensity
Временное ограничение: Baseline, Week 8
Menstrual pain intensity assessed via the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Scores range from 0 mm to 100 mm. Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.
Baseline, Week 8

Вторичные показатели результатов

Мера результата
Мера Описание
Временное ограничение
Change from Baseline in SF-12 Physical Component Summary Score
Временное ограничение: Baseline, Week 8
Physical health-related quality of life assessed via the SF-12 Physical Component Summary (PCS) score. Scores range from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better physical health.
Baseline, Week 8
Change from Baseline in SF-12 Mental Component Summary Score
Временное ограничение: Baseline, Week 8
Mental health-related quality of life assessed via the SF-12 Mental Component Summary (MCS) score. Scores range from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better mental health.
Baseline, Week 8
Change from Baseline in DASS-21 Depression Subscale Score
Временное ограничение: Baseline, Week 8
Depression symptoms assessed via the Depression subscale of the DASS-21. Scores range from 0 to 42. Higher scores indicate greater severity of depressive symptoms.
Baseline, Week 8
Change from Baseline in DASS-21 Anxiety Subscale Score
Временное ограничение: Baseline, Week 8
Anxiety symptoms assessed via the Anxiety subscale of the DASS-21. Scores range from 0 to 42. Higher scores indicate greater severity of anxiety symptoms.
Baseline, Week 8
Change from Baseline in DASS-21 Stress Subscale Score
Временное ограничение: Baseline, Week 8
Stress symptoms assessed via the Stress subscale of the DASS-21. Scores range from 0 to 42. Higher scores indicate greater severity of stress symptoms.
Baseline, Week 8

Соавторы и исследователи

Здесь вы найдете людей и организации, участвующие в этом исследовании.

Спонсор

University of Lahore

Публикации и полезные ссылки

Лицо, ответственное за внесение сведений об исследовании, добровольно предоставляет эти публикации. Это может быть что угодно, связанное с исследованием.

Общие публикации

  • Mustain M, Shela M, Tri Y, Witriani W, Hussein M, editors. The Effect of Deep Breathing Relaxation Techniques on Reducing Dysmenorrhea Pain in Adolescent Girls at The Indah 43 Dormitory in Cemani Village. Proceeding of International Conference on Science, Health, And Technology; 2024. 17. Chodon L, Samuel J. Lalramzawni (2024) Core Stability Exercise on Low Back Ache, Back Endurance and Health Related Quality of Life in Primary Dysmenorrhea-A Single Group Experimental Study. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2024;17(24):2494-8. . Martire FG, Piccione E, Exacoustos C, Zupi E. Endometriosis and adolescence: the impact of dysmenorrhea. Journal of clinical medicine. 2023;12(17):5624. . Itani R, Soubra L, Karout S, Rahme D, Karout L, Khojah HM. Primary dysmenorrhea: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment updates. Korean journal of family medicine. 2022;43(2):101.

Даты записи исследования

Эти даты отслеживают ход отправки отчетов об исследованиях и сводных результатов на сайт ClinicalTrials.gov. Записи исследований и сообщаемые результаты проверяются Национальной медицинской библиотекой (NLM), чтобы убедиться, что они соответствуют определенным стандартам контроля качества, прежде чем публиковать их на общедоступном веб-сайте.

Изучение основных дат

Начало исследования (Действительный)

18 октября 2025 г.

Первичное завершение (Действительный)

20 декабря 2025 г.

Завершение исследования (Действительный)

15 апреля 2026 г.

Даты регистрации исследования

Первый отправленный

24 июля 2026 г.

Впервые представлено, что соответствует критериям контроля качества

5 августа 2026 г.

Первый опубликованный (Действительный)

7 августа 2026 г.

Обновления учебных записей

Последнее опубликованное обновление (Действительный)

7 августа 2026 г.

Последнее отправленное обновление, отвечающее критериям контроля качества

5 августа 2026 г.

Последняя проверка

1 ноября 2025 г.

Дополнительная информация

Термины, связанные с этим исследованием

Ключевые слова

Другие идентификационные номера исследования

  • MSWH-PD-001

Планирование данных отдельных участников (IPD)

Планируете делиться данными об отдельных участниках (IPD)?

НЕТ

Описание плана IPD

no plans to share IPD due to institutional policy and participants confidentiality.

Информация о лекарствах и устройствах, исследовательские документы

Изучает лекарственный продукт, регулируемый FDA США.

Нет

Изучает продукт устройства, регулируемый Управлением по санитарному надзору за качеством пищевых продуктов и медикаментов США.

Нет

Эта информация была получена непосредственно с веб-сайта clinicaltrials.gov без каких-либо изменений. Если у вас есть запросы на изменение, удаление или обновление сведений об исследовании, обращайтесь по адресу register@clinicaltrials.gov. Как только изменение будет реализовано на clinicaltrials.gov, оно будет автоматически обновлено и на нашем веб-сайте. .

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