The Link Between Mental Imagery and the Reduction of Fear in Imaginal Extinction
2019年10月31日 更新者：Uppsala University
Imaginal exposure is a widely used psychological treatment technique.
Imaginal extinction is an experimental analogue of imaginal exposure, that allows the study of this treatment technique under controlled circumstances (Agren, Björkstrand, & Fredrikson, 2017).
During imaginal extinction, experimentally induced fear is diminished through repeated exposure to mental imagery of the feared (conditioned) stimulus.
However, it is not known to what extent fear reduction depends on the mental imagery produced during this procedure.
A better understanding of the mechanisms driving the effects of imaginal exposure and the factors moderating fear reduction could have significant clinical utility, by suggesting mechanistically informed ways to improve this treatment.
調査の概要
詳細な説明
The study takes part over three consecutive days, with fear conditioning to visual stimuli on day 1, imaginal extinction on day 2, and a fear reinstatement procedure, again to visual stimuli, on day 3. Skin conductance is used to measure fear responses.
Participants' are randomized to receive conditioning, extinction and reinstatement with either complex or simple stimuli. During imaginal extinction, imagery of each experimental stimulus is prompted through different verbal instructions.
研究の種類
介入
入学 (実際)
60
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
このセクションには、調査を実施する担当者の連絡先の詳細と、この調査が実施されている場所に関する情報が記載されています。
研究場所
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Uppsala、スウェーデン
- Uppsala University, Departement of Psychology
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参加基準
研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
18年歳以上 (大人、高齢者)
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
はい
受講資格のある性別
全て
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
Age 18 or over
Fluent in Swedish
Willing and able to provide informed consent and complete study procedures
Exclusion Criteria:
Current psychiatric disorder
Use of psychotropic medication within 6 months prior to study start
Receiving psychological treatment within 6 months prior to study start
Current neurological condition
研究計画
このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。
研究はどのように設計されていますか？
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的：基礎科学
- 割り当て：ランダム化
- 介入モデル：並列代入
- マスキング：独身
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
|---|---|
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実験的：Simple stimuli
Two perceptually simple stimuli are used during all experimental phases (geometrical figures).
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Day 1. Participants are exposed to two different visual stimuli.
One of these stimuli is paired with a mild electric shock (i.e.
conditioned stimuli).
Day 2 (24 hours after Day 1).
Participants are exposed to mental imagery of the stimuli used during fear conditioning.
Imagery is prompted through different verbal instructions presented in a pseudo-randomized order.
No shocks are delivered.
Prior to imaginal extinction, participants receive task specific training.
Day 3 (48 h after day1).
Participants are exposed to the same stimuli used during fear conditioning (day 1) and imaginal extinction (day 2).
Two unsignaled shocks are delivered at the beginning of the experiment, prior to the presentation of the first visual stimulus.
No further shocks are delivered.
This procedure allows the study of long term effects of imaginal extinction.
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実験的：Complex stimuli
Two complex stimuli are used in all experimental phases.
Stimuli consist of photographs of real objects of the same size and shape as the simple stimuli, but include perceptually more complex patterns, details and colors.
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Day 1. Participants are exposed to two different visual stimuli.
One of these stimuli is paired with a mild electric shock (i.e.
conditioned stimuli).
Day 2 (24 hours after Day 1).
Participants are exposed to mental imagery of the stimuli used during fear conditioning.
Imagery is prompted through different verbal instructions presented in a pseudo-randomized order.
No shocks are delivered.
Prior to imaginal extinction, participants receive task specific training.
Day 3 (48 h after day1).
Participants are exposed to the same stimuli used during fear conditioning (day 1) and imaginal extinction (day 2).
Two unsignaled shocks are delivered at the beginning of the experiment, prior to the presentation of the first visual stimulus.
No further shocks are delivered.
This procedure allows the study of long term effects of imaginal extinction.
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この研究は何を測定していますか？
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Skin conductance response (SCR)
時間枠：Day 1
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SCR is used as a measure of physiological fear responses.
Differences in fear responses are used to assess fear learning during fear acquisition and to explore main effects and interactions between fear learning, stimulus complexity and capacity for mental imagery.
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Day 1
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Skin conductance response (SCR)
時間枠：Day 2 (24 h after day1)
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SCR is used as a measure of physiological fear responses.Differences in fear responses are used to assess fear reduction during imaginal extinction, and to explore main effects and interactions between fear reduction, stimulus complexity and capacity for mental imagery.
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Day 2 (24 h after day1)
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Skin conductance response (SCR)
時間枠：Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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SCR is used as a measure of physiological fear responses.Differences in fear response are used to assess return of fear during reinstatement, and to explore main effects and interactions between return of fear, stimulus complexity and capacity for mental imagery.
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Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Fear ratings
時間枠：Day 1
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Ratings of subjective fear during the experimental procedure.
Scale: 0 -100 (no fear at all - extreme fear)
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Day 1
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State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
時間枠：Day 1
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This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring trait anxiety.
Higher scores indicate higher level of trait-anxiety (range 20-80)
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Day 1
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Difficulties in emotion regulation scale
時間枠：Day 1
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This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring difficulties in emotion regulation.
Higher scores indicate higher level of difficulties in emotion regulation (range 36-180)
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Day 1
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Fear ratings
時間枠：Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Ratings of subjective fear during the experimental procedure.
Scale: 0 -100 (no fear at all - extreme fear)
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Vividness of mental imagery during imaginal extinction
時間枠：Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Scale: 1-5; no image at all - image as clear and vivid as real life
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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The Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire
時間枠：Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring vividness of mental imagery across different sensory modalities.
Higher scores indicate higher level of vividness.
(range 0-70)
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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The Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire
時間枠：Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring vividness of visual mental imagery.
Only eyes open section is administered.
Higher scores indicate higher level of vividness (range 0-80)
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Spontaneous use of imagery scale
時間枠：Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring spontaneous use of imagery.
Higher scores higher levels use of spontaneous use of imagery (range 12- 60)
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Expectancy ratings
時間枠：Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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After the imaginal extinction procedure, participants are asked to rate to what extent they believed that electric shocks would be delivered during the procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Fear ratings
時間枠：Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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Ratings of subjective fear during the experimental procedure.
Scale: 0 -100 (no fear at all - extreme fear)
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Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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Expectancy ratings
時間枠：Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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After the reinstatement procedure, participants are asked to rate to what extent they believed that electric shocks would be delivered during the procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %
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Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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その他の成果指標
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
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Task compliance
時間枠：Day 1
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Questions asking participants to rate to what extent they followed the instructions during the experimental procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %.
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Day 1
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Task compliance
時間枠：Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Questions asking participants to rate to what extent they followed the instructions during the experimental procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %.
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Task compliance
時間枠：Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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Questions asking participants to rate to what extent they followed the instructions during the experimental procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %.
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Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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ここでは、この調査に関係する人々や組織を見つけることができます。
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出版物と役立つリンク
研究に関する情報を入力する責任者は、自発的にこれらの出版物を提供します。これらは、研究に関連するあらゆるものに関するものである可能性があります。
研究記録日
これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (実際)
2019年2月25日
一次修了 (実際)
2019年10月30日
研究の完了 (実際)
2019年10月30日
試験登録日
最初に提出
2019年6月13日
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
2019年6月13日
最初の投稿 (実際)
2019年6月18日
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
2019年11月4日
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
2019年10月31日
最終確認日
2019年10月1日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
その他の研究ID番号
- 2019-00524
個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画
個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?
はい
IPD 共有時間枠
Data will be available upon publication.
IPD 共有サポート情報タイプ
- STUDY_PROTOCOL
- ICF
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