The Link Between Mental Imagery and the Reduction of Fear in Imaginal Extinction
31. Oktober 2019 aktualisiert von: Uppsala University
Imaginal exposure is a widely used psychological treatment technique.
Imaginal extinction is an experimental analogue of imaginal exposure, that allows the study of this treatment technique under controlled circumstances (Agren, Björkstrand, & Fredrikson, 2017).
During imaginal extinction, experimentally induced fear is diminished through repeated exposure to mental imagery of the feared (conditioned) stimulus.
However, it is not known to what extent fear reduction depends on the mental imagery produced during this procedure.
A better understanding of the mechanisms driving the effects of imaginal exposure and the factors moderating fear reduction could have significant clinical utility, by suggesting mechanistically informed ways to improve this treatment.
Studienübersicht
Status
Abgeschlossen
Bedingungen
Intervention / Behandlung
Detaillierte Beschreibung
The study takes part over three consecutive days, with fear conditioning to visual stimuli on day 1, imaginal extinction on day 2, and a fear reinstatement procedure, again to visual stimuli, on day 3. Skin conductance is used to measure fear responses.
Participants' are randomized to receive conditioning, extinction and reinstatement with either complex or simple stimuli. During imaginal extinction, imagery of each experimental stimulus is prompted through different verbal instructions.
Studientyp
Interventionell
Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)
60
Phase
- Unzutreffend
Kontakte und Standorte
Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.
Studienorte
-
-
-
Uppsala, Schweden
- Uppsala University, Departement of Psychology
-
-
Teilnahmekriterien
Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.
Zulassungskriterien
Studienberechtigtes Alter
18 Jahre und älter (Erwachsene, Älterer Erwachsener)
Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige
Ja
Studienberechtigte Geschlechter
Alle
Beschreibung
Inclusion Criteria:
Age 18 or over
Fluent in Swedish
Willing and able to provide informed consent and complete study procedures
Exclusion Criteria:
Current psychiatric disorder
Use of psychotropic medication within 6 months prior to study start
Receiving psychological treatment within 6 months prior to study start
Current neurological condition
Studienplan
Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.
Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?
Designdetails
- Hauptzweck: Grundlegende Wissenschaft
- Zuteilung: Zufällig
- Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
- Maskierung: Single
Waffen und Interventionen
Teilnehmergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / Behandlung |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: Simple stimuli
Two perceptually simple stimuli are used during all experimental phases (geometrical figures).
|
Day 1. Participants are exposed to two different visual stimuli.
One of these stimuli is paired with a mild electric shock (i.e.
conditioned stimuli).
Day 2 (24 hours after Day 1).
Participants are exposed to mental imagery of the stimuli used during fear conditioning.
Imagery is prompted through different verbal instructions presented in a pseudo-randomized order.
No shocks are delivered.
Prior to imaginal extinction, participants receive task specific training.
Day 3 (48 h after day1).
Participants are exposed to the same stimuli used during fear conditioning (day 1) and imaginal extinction (day 2).
Two unsignaled shocks are delivered at the beginning of the experiment, prior to the presentation of the first visual stimulus.
No further shocks are delivered.
This procedure allows the study of long term effects of imaginal extinction.
|
|
Experimental: Complex stimuli
Two complex stimuli are used in all experimental phases.
Stimuli consist of photographs of real objects of the same size and shape as the simple stimuli, but include perceptually more complex patterns, details and colors.
|
Day 1. Participants are exposed to two different visual stimuli.
One of these stimuli is paired with a mild electric shock (i.e.
conditioned stimuli).
Day 2 (24 hours after Day 1).
Participants are exposed to mental imagery of the stimuli used during fear conditioning.
Imagery is prompted through different verbal instructions presented in a pseudo-randomized order.
No shocks are delivered.
Prior to imaginal extinction, participants receive task specific training.
Day 3 (48 h after day1).
Participants are exposed to the same stimuli used during fear conditioning (day 1) and imaginal extinction (day 2).
Two unsignaled shocks are delivered at the beginning of the experiment, prior to the presentation of the first visual stimulus.
No further shocks are delivered.
This procedure allows the study of long term effects of imaginal extinction.
|
Was misst die Studie?
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
|
Skin conductance response (SCR)
Zeitfenster: Day 1
|
SCR is used as a measure of physiological fear responses.
Differences in fear responses are used to assess fear learning during fear acquisition and to explore main effects and interactions between fear learning, stimulus complexity and capacity for mental imagery.
|
Day 1
|
|
Skin conductance response (SCR)
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day1)
|
SCR is used as a measure of physiological fear responses.Differences in fear responses are used to assess fear reduction during imaginal extinction, and to explore main effects and interactions between fear reduction, stimulus complexity and capacity for mental imagery.
|
Day 2 (24 h after day1)
|
|
Skin conductance response (SCR)
Zeitfenster: Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
|
SCR is used as a measure of physiological fear responses.Differences in fear response are used to assess return of fear during reinstatement, and to explore main effects and interactions between return of fear, stimulus complexity and capacity for mental imagery.
|
Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
|
Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
|
Fear ratings
Zeitfenster: Day 1
|
Ratings of subjective fear during the experimental procedure.
Scale: 0 -100 (no fear at all - extreme fear)
|
Day 1
|
|
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Zeitfenster: Day 1
|
This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring trait anxiety.
Higher scores indicate higher level of trait-anxiety (range 20-80)
|
Day 1
|
|
Difficulties in emotion regulation scale
Zeitfenster: Day 1
|
This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring difficulties in emotion regulation.
Higher scores indicate higher level of difficulties in emotion regulation (range 36-180)
|
Day 1
|
|
Fear ratings
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
Ratings of subjective fear during the experimental procedure.
Scale: 0 -100 (no fear at all - extreme fear)
|
Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
|
Vividness of mental imagery during imaginal extinction
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
Scale: 1-5; no image at all - image as clear and vivid as real life
|
Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
|
The Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring vividness of mental imagery across different sensory modalities.
Higher scores indicate higher level of vividness.
(range 0-70)
|
Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
|
The Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring vividness of visual mental imagery.
Only eyes open section is administered.
Higher scores indicate higher level of vividness (range 0-80)
|
Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
|
Spontaneous use of imagery scale
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring spontaneous use of imagery.
Higher scores higher levels use of spontaneous use of imagery (range 12- 60)
|
Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
|
Expectancy ratings
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
After the imaginal extinction procedure, participants are asked to rate to what extent they believed that electric shocks would be delivered during the procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %
|
Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
|
Fear ratings
Zeitfenster: Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
|
Ratings of subjective fear during the experimental procedure.
Scale: 0 -100 (no fear at all - extreme fear)
|
Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
|
|
Expectancy ratings
Zeitfenster: Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
|
After the reinstatement procedure, participants are asked to rate to what extent they believed that electric shocks would be delivered during the procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %
|
Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
|
Andere Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
|
Task compliance
Zeitfenster: Day 1
|
Questions asking participants to rate to what extent they followed the instructions during the experimental procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %.
|
Day 1
|
|
Task compliance
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
Questions asking participants to rate to what extent they followed the instructions during the experimental procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %.
|
Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
|
|
Task compliance
Zeitfenster: Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
|
Questions asking participants to rate to what extent they followed the instructions during the experimental procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %.
|
Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
|
Mitarbeiter und Ermittler
Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.
Sponsor
Publikationen und hilfreiche Links
Die Bereitstellung dieser Publikationen erfolgt freiwillig durch die für die Eingabe von Informationen über die Studie verantwortliche Person. Diese können sich auf alles beziehen, was mit dem Studium zu tun hat.
Studienaufzeichnungsdaten
Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.
Haupttermine studieren
Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)
25. Februar 2019
Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)
30. Oktober 2019
Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)
30. Oktober 2019
Studienanmeldedaten
Zuerst eingereicht
13. Juni 2019
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
13. Juni 2019
Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)
18. Juni 2019
Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen
Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)
4. November 2019
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
31. Oktober 2019
Zuletzt verifiziert
1. Oktober 2019
Mehr Informationen
Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie
Schlüsselwörter
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
- 2019-00524
Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)
Planen Sie, individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD) zu teilen?
JA
IPD-Sharing-Zeitrahmen
Data will be available upon publication.
Art der unterstützenden IPD-Freigabeinformationen
- STUDIENPROTOKOLL
- ICF
Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen
Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt
Nein
Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt
Nein
Diese Informationen wurden ohne Änderungen direkt von der Website clinicaltrials.gov abgerufen. Wenn Sie Ihre Studiendaten ändern, entfernen oder aktualisieren möchten, wenden Sie sich bitte an register@clinicaltrials.gov. Sobald eine Änderung auf clinicaltrials.gov implementiert wird, wird diese automatisch auch auf unserer Website aktualisiert .