CMO Letter to Reduce Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescribing Winter 2019/2020
A Letter From the CMO in England to Reduce Antibiotic Prescribing in General Practice: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Monitoring and Feedback (With and Without Graphs), and Social Norms Feedback (Without and Without a Specific Case Study of Patient Harm)
This trial aims to reduce inappropriate prescription of antibiotics and broad spectrum antibiotics by general practitioners (GPs) in England. Unnecessary prescriptions are defined as those that do not improve patient health outcomes. The intervention is to send GPs a letter from the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) that gives feedback on their practice's prescribing levels.
There will be three intervention samples:
- practices whose prescribing in the past year was under the new target of 0.965 items per STAR-PU but who would exceed the target if they had a 5% increase in prescribing; trial compares prescribing of practices whose GPs receive a letter informing them that their practice's prescribing is just under the new target to that of practices that are not sent a letter
- Practices whose prescribing in the past year was above the new target but who not in the top 20% of prescribers; trial compares prescribing of practices whose GPs receive a letter informing them that their practice's prescribing exceeds the new target to practices who get a letter that includes a graph showing their prescribing relative to the target and to practices that are not sent a letter
- Practices that are currently in the top 20% of prescribers; trial compares effect on prescribing of a feedback letter with a social norms message (current standard practice for this group) to a letter informing GPs that their practice's prescribing exceeds the new target and to a letter with a social norms message, that includes a specific example of a case of patient harm caused by antimicrobial resistance.
調査の概要
詳細な説明
The study will involve three trials, each conducted as non-blinded randomised controlled trial, with GP practices as the unit of randomisation.
Trial 1 Targeting practices whose prescribing in the past year was under the new target but who would exceed the target if they had a 5% increase in prescribing
- Control: No letter
- Intervention: Letter informing them that their practice's prescribing is just under the new target (Letter A) Trial hypothesis: Sending a letter to GPs whose practices are just under the new prescribing target will reduce antibiotic prescribing
Trial 2 Targeting practices whose prescribing in the past year was above the new target but who not in the top 20% of prescribers
- Control: No letter
- Intervention 1: Letter informing them that their practice's prescribing exceeds the new target (Letter B1)
- Intervention 2: Letter informing them that their practice's prescribing exceeds the new target with a graph representing prescribing relative to the target (Letter B2) Hypotheses: (i) Sending a letter to GPs whose practices missed the new prescribing target will reduce their prescribing; (ii) A letter with a graph will be more effective than a letter without a graph.
Trial 3 Targeting practices that are currently in the top 20% of prescribers
- Control: Current standard practice, a social norms message, that their practice is in the top 20% of prescribers (Letter C1)
- Intervention 1: Letter informing them that their practice's prescribing exceeds the new target (Letter C2)
- Intervention 2: Social norms message, that they are in the top 20%, with a specific example of a case of patient harm caused by antimicrobial resistance (Letter C3)
Hypotheses: (i) A letter with a social norms message and a specific example of a case where a patient came to harm will be more effective than a feedback letter without a specific example; (ii) A letter telling GPs that they missed the prescribing target will be no less effective than a letter with social norms feedback
For each letter, there will be two versions, one for practices whose prescribing has increased by > 5% in the previous year, informing them of that their prescribing has increased since the previous year, and one for practices whose prescribing has not been increasing.
The letters will signpost GPs to resources to help address patient demand for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing, recognising that many GPs feel that patients expect antibiotics and that GPs may find it difficult to have the necessary patient conversations, especially within a short consultation. As with previous letters, these letters will advise GPs of actions that they can take to reduce inappropriate prescribing, supporting them to have conversations with patients, and there will be TARGET leaflets enclosed.
Power calculation All trials are powered to detect a 2% reduction in prescribing at a significance level of 0.05 with a power of 80%.
Statistical analysis plan In order to test our hypotheses, the investigators will use a fixed effects panel regression model, with time trends accounting for seasonal effects, to estimate the effect of treatment status on prescribing. The investigators will also run ANCOVAs for each month separately and one covering the whole six months of the trial. Analysis will control for baseline prescribing rates and for whether practices got the version of the letter saying that their prescribing has been increasing.
研究の種類
入学 (実際)
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
研究場所
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London、イギリス、SE1
- Public Health England
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参加基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
- 子
- 大人
- 高齢者
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
受講資格のある性別
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
• GP practices that prescribed more than 0.919 Antibacterial Items/STAR- PU (5% under the target of 0.965) for the twelve months April 2018 - March 2019
Exclusion Criteria:
• Practices in the 99th percentile of prescribers
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか?
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的:他の
- 割り当て:ランダム化
- 介入モデル:並列代入
- マスキング:独身
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療 |
---|---|
介入なし:Just under target control
Practices whose prescribing in the past year was under the new target but who would exceed the target if they had a 5% increase in prescribing; no letter sent.
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|
実験的:Just under target letter
Practices whose prescribing in the past year was under the new target but who would exceed the target if they had a 5% increase in prescribing: receive a letter informing of this. Randomization is stratified according to whether their prescribing had increased by > 5% compared to the previous year; those whose prescribing had increased had it mentioned in the letter |
Letters sent to GPs in relevant practices (prescribing data is by practice, so the practice is the unit of randomization)
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介入なし:Over target control
Practices whose prescribing in the past year was above the new target but who were not in the top 20% of prescribers; no letter sent
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|
実験的:Over target letter
Practices whose prescribing in the past year was above the new target but who were not in the top 20% of prescribers; receive a letter informing them that their practice's prescribing exceeds the new target (Letter B1) Randomization is stratified according to whether their prescribing had increased by > 5% compared to the previous year; those whose prescribing had increased had it mentioned in the letter |
Letters sent to GPs in relevant practices (prescribing data is by practice, so the practice is the unit of randomization)
|
実験的:Over target letter with bar chart
Practices whose prescribing in the past year was above the new target but who were not in the top 20% of prescribers; receive a letter informing them that their practice's prescribing exceeds the new target, including a bar chart showing their prescribing compared to the target (Letter B1) Randomization is stratified according to whether their prescribing had increased by > 5% compared to the previous year; those whose prescribing had increased had it mentioned in the letter |
Letters sent to GPs in relevant practices (prescribing data is by practice, so the practice is the unit of randomization)
|
アクティブコンパレータ:Top 20% feedback letter control
Targeting practices that are currently in the top 20% of prescribers; letters informing them of the percentile they are on--standard practice--(Letter C1) Randomization is stratified according to whether their prescribing had increased by > 5% compared to the previous year; those whose prescribing had increased had it mentioned in the letter |
Letters sent to GPs in relevant practices (prescribing data is by practice, so the practice is the unit of randomization)
|
実験的:Top 20% above target letter
Targeting practices that are currently in the top 20% of prescribers; letters informing them that their prescribing exceeds the new target (Letter C2) Randomization is stratified according to whether their prescribing had increased by > 5% compared to the previous year; those whose prescribing had increased had it mentioned in the letter. |
Letters sent to GPs in relevant practices (prescribing data is by practice, so the practice is the unit of randomization)
|
実験的:Top 20% feedback letter with specific example of patient harm
Targeting practices that are currently in the top 20% of prescribers • Control: Current standard practice, a social norms message, that their practice is in the top 20% of prescribers (Letter C1) Targeting practices that are currently in the top 20% of prescribers; letters informing them of the percentile they are on with a specific example of a case of patient harm caused by antimicrobial resistance (Letter C3) Randomization is stratified according to whether their prescribing had increased by > 5% compared to the previous year; those whose prescribing had increased had it mentioned in the letter. |
Letters sent to GPs in relevant practices (prescribing data is by practice, so the practice is the unit of randomization)
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この研究は何を測定していますか?
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
---|---|---|
Total antibiotic prescribing in September
時間枠:1 month
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antibiotic prescribing weighted by Specific Therapeutic group Age-sex Related Prescribing Unit (STAR-PU)
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1 month
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Total antibiotic prescribing in October
時間枠:2 months
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antibiotic prescribing weighted by Specific Therapeutic group Age-sex Related Prescribing Unit (STAR-PU)
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2 months
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Total antibiotic prescribing in November
時間枠:3 months
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antibiotic prescribing weighted by Specific Therapeutic group Age-sex Related Prescribing Unit (STAR-PU)
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3 months
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Total antibiotic prescribing in December
時間枠:4 months
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antibiotic prescribing weighted by Specific Therapeutic group Age-sex Related Prescribing Unit (STAR-PU)
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4 months
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Total antibiotic prescribing in January
時間枠:5 months
|
antibiotic prescribing weighted by Specific Therapeutic group Age-sex Related Prescribing Unit (STAR-PU)
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5 months
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Total antibiotic prescribing in February
時間枠:6 months
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antibiotic prescribing weighted by Specific Therapeutic group Age-sex Related Prescribing Unit (STAR-PU)
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6 months
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Total antibiotic prescribing in from September-February
時間枠:6 months
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antibiotic prescribing weighted by Specific Therapeutic group Age-sex Related Prescribing Unit (STAR-PU)
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6 months
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Proportion of practices in each group whose prescribing was under the target
時間枠:8 months
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Whether antibiotic prescribing weighted by Specific Therapeutic group Age-sex Related Prescribing Unit (STAR-PU) for April 2019-March 2020 is under the NHS target of 0.965 items per STAR-PU
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8 months
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協力者と研究者
スポンサー
研究記録日
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (実際)
一次修了 (実際)
研究の完了 (実際)
試験登録日
最初に提出
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
最初の投稿 (実際)
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
最終確認日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
その他の研究ID番号
- CMO Letter 2019/20
個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画
個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?
IPD プランの説明
医薬品およびデバイス情報、研究文書
米国FDA規制医薬品の研究
米国FDA規制機器製品の研究
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処方、適応外の臨床試験
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Washington University School of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Medical Center; Northwestern University Chicago Illinois; Saint Luke's...完了