脳内オキシトシンシステムにおける社会安全学習

実験的：臨床

このグループは、少なくとも中等度の社会不安障害の症状を持つ個人で構成されます。 このグループには、オキシトシンまたはプラセボのいずれかの投与が行われます（盲検無作為化）。

薬：Oxytocin nasal spray or placebo

Single acute administration of 24 international units (IU) oxytocin or matching placebo

プラセボコンパレーター：コントロール

このグループは、健康な個人のサンプルで構成されています（生涯にわたって躁病または精神病性障害と診断されていない）。 このグループには、オキシトシンまたはプラセボのいずれかの投与が行われます（盲検無作為化）。

薬：Oxytocin nasal spray or placebo

Single acute administration of 24 international units (IU) oxytocin or matching placebo

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS- During Extinction

mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS- stimuli during Extinction

Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+S During Extinction

mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+S stimuli during Extinction

Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+R During Extinction

mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+R stimuli during Extinction

Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS- During Reinstatement

mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS- stimuli during Reinstatement

Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+S During Reinstatement

mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+S stimuli during Reinstatement

Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+R During Reinstatement

mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+R stimuli during Reinstatement

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

回復中の代理消滅合図と代理強化合図に対する皮膚コンダクタンス反応（SCR）

CS- と CS+ の平均 SCR