뇌 옥시토신 시스템의 사회 안전 학습

실험적: 객관적인

이 그룹은 사회 불안 장애의 중등도 이상의 증상을 보이는 개인으로 구성됩니다. 이 그룹은 옥시토신 또는 위약 투여(맹검 무작위 배정)를 받게 됩니다.

의약품: Oxytocin nasal spray or placebo

Single acute administration of 24 international units (IU) oxytocin or matching placebo

위약 비교기: 통제 수단

이 그룹은 개인의 건강한 샘플로 구성됩니다(조증 또는 정신병 장애에 대한 평생 진단 없음). 이 그룹은 옥시토신 또는 위약 투여(맹검 무작위 배정)를 받게 됩니다.

의약품: Oxytocin nasal spray or placebo

Single acute administration of 24 international units (IU) oxytocin or matching placebo

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS- During Extinction

mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS- stimuli during Extinction

Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+S During Extinction

mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+S stimuli during Extinction

Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+R During Extinction

mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+R stimuli during Extinction

Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS- During Reinstatement

mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS- stimuli during Reinstatement

Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+S During Reinstatement

mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+S stimuli during Reinstatement

Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+R During Reinstatement

mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+R stimuli during Reinstatement

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues.

Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase

Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions.

복직 동안 대리적으로 강화된 단서 대 대리 소멸 단서에 대한 피부 전도 반응(SCR)

CS- 대 CS+에 대한 평균 SCR