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Enhancing Readability of Lay Abstracts and Summaries for Medical Knowledge Using Generative Artificial Intelligence (BRIDGE AI 3)

4 mei 2026 bijgewerkt door: Giovanni Cacciamani, University of Southern California

Enhancing Readability of Lay Abstracts and Summaries for Medical Knowledge Using Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Randomized Controlled Trial (BRIDGE AI 3)

This trial tests if AI can help make medical info clear and readable. Many patients struggle to find medical informations that easy to read and understand from verified medical sources. The study tests if an AI tool can assist health providers to craft clear text for patients more fast than what they do now. Health providers are split at random into two groups-one uses the AI tool and one does not. The trial tests how clear the text is, how correct it is, and how much time is saved. The aim is to see if AI can close the gap between complex research and what patients can grasp.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Voltooid

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

This study evaluates whether a generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool can improve the readability and accessibility of lay summaries derived from scientific medical abstracts. Many patients encounter difficulty understanding medical literature due to technical language and complexity, which can limit informed decision-making and engagement with healthcare information.

The BRIDGE-AI (Provider Perspective) initiative aims to address this gap by enabling healthcare professionals and researchers to generate patient-friendly summaries of scientific content using AI-assisted tools. The intervention leverages a generative AI framework (pub2people) designed to translate complex medical terminology into language that is understandable to a general audience.

In this randomized controlled study, participants with experience in scientific publishing will be assigned to either an AI-assisted group or a control group using conventional methods. Participants will be asked to transform scientific abstracts into layperson-friendly summaries. The study compares AI-assisted and manually generated outputs in terms of readability, accuracy, and efficiency.

The primary objective is to determine whether AI-assisted generation improves the readability of lay summaries compared to standard approaches. Secondary objectives include evaluating the accuracy of AI-generated summaries relative to source material and assessing potential time savings associated with AI use.

This study contributes to ongoing efforts to improve health communication by evaluating scalable tools that may enhance the translation of complex medical information into patient-accessible formats.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

120

Fase

  • Fase 2

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

  • Verenigde Staten
    • California
      • Los Angeles, California, Verenigde Staten, 91100
        • University of Southern California

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen
  • Oudere volwassene

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Beschrijving

Provider Participants

Inclusion:

  • Corresponding authors who have been published in the top 10 journals of urology and medicine
  • All genders
  • Any profession
  • 18+ years of age

Exclusion:

  • Anyone under the age of 18
  • Participants that have not published in the top 10 journals of urology and medicine

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Onderzoek naar gezondheidsdiensten
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Enkel

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Geen tussenkomst: Gold Standard
Experimenteel: Pub2Post
Ander: Pub2Post
Pub2Post, a generative artificial intelligence agent which helps in drafting the layperson abstracts and summaries

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Readability Change
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Flesch Reading Ease Score

Description: Measures text readability based on sentence length and word syllables.

Scale: 0 to 100 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate easier readability (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Readability Change
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Description: Estimates U.S. school grade level required to understand the text. Scale: Typically ranges from ~0 to 18+ Interpretation: Lower scores indicate easier readability (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Readability Change
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Gunning Fog Index Description: Estimates years of formal education needed to understand the text on first reading.

Scale: Typically 0 to 20+ Interpretation: Lower scores indicate easier readability (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Readability Change
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
SMOG Index (Simple Measure of Gobbledygook) Description: Estimates years of education required to comprehend the text. Scale: Typically 0 to 20+ Interpretation: Lower scores indicate easier readability (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Readability Change
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Coleman-Liau Index Description: Readability formula based on characters per word and sentence length.

Scale: Typically 0 to 18+ (grade level equivalent) Interpretation: Lower scores indicate easier readability (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Readability Change
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Automated Readability Index (ARI) Description: Estimates grade level required for comprehension using characters and word counts.

Scale: Typically 0 to 14+ Interpretation: Lower scores indicate easier readability (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Time Saving
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

To evaluate the time savings achieved by using generative AI compared to traditional methods for generating layperson abstracts and summaries. Time will be recorded in hours, minutes, and seconds. We will collect and compare the total time spent drafting the complete layperson abstract and summaries, as well as the time spent on each individual section - background, methods, results, conclusion, and short summaries. The comparison will be made between summaries created by humans alone versus those created with GAI assistance.

Time will be reported in minutes
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Correctness and meaning retention
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Accuracy Score of Layperson Abstract Sections Description: Degree to which each section (Background, Methods, Results, Conclusion, Short Summary) reflects key information from the original scientific abstract.

Scale: 5-point Likert scale (1 = very inaccurate, 5 = highly accurate) Assessment Method: Two independent reviewers score each section Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better accuracy (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Correctness and meaning retention
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Completeness Score of Layperson Abstract Sections Description: Extent to which essential information from the original abstract is included in each section.

Scale: 5-point Likert scale (1 = very incomplete, 5 = fully complete) Assessment Method: Two independent reviewers evaluate each section. Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater completeness (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Correctness and meaning retention
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Clarity Score for Layperson Readability Description: Evaluates simplicity, avoidance of jargon, and coherence for lay audiences.

Scale: 5-point Likert scale (1 = very unclear, 5 = very clear and understandable) Assessment Method: Two independent reviewers evaluate each section. Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better clarity (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Correctness and meaning retention
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Section-Level Correctness Rate Description: Proportion of sections rated as "correct," defined as receiving scores ≥4 from both reviewers on accuracy, completeness, and clarity simultaneously.

Scale: 0 to 1 (proportion) or 0% to 100% Interpretation: Higher values indicate better overall section quality.
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Correctness and meaning retention
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Hallucination Rate Description: Frequency of false or misleading content in generated layperson abstracts, defined as information not supported by the original abstract.

Scale: Proportion of sections or documents containing hallucinations (0 to 1 or %) Assessment Method: Evaluated separately by reviewers using predefined criteria. Interpretation: Lower values indicate better performance (fewer hallucinations).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Perceived Task Difficulty
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment

Description: Participant-reported difficulty of completing the lay abstract summarization task.

Scale: 5-point Likert scale (1 = very easy, 5 = very difficult) (adjust anchors if different in your instrument) Assessment Timing: Immediately after task completion Interpretation: Lower scores indicate less perceived difficulty (better outcome)
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment
Perceived Task Duration
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment
Description: Participant perception of time required to complete the task. Scale: 5-point Likert scale (1 = very short, 5 = very long) Assessment Timing: Post-task Interpretation: Lower scores indicate shorter perceived duration (better outcome)
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment
Perceived Helpfulness of the intervention
Tijdsspanne: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment

Description: Participant-reported usefulness of the generative AI tool in assisting lay abstract creation.

Scale: 5-point Likert scale (1 = not helpful at all, 5 = extremely helpful) Assessment Timing: Post-task Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater perceived helpfulness (better outcome)
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment
System Usability Scale (SUS) Score
Tijdsspanne: Immediately after completing the system/task (post-use assessment)

Description: Standardized assessment of system usability using the System Usability Scale.

Scale: 0 to 100 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better usability

  • 70: acceptable usability
  • 90: superior usability
Immediately after completing the system/task (post-use assessment)
Perceived Usefulness (Technology Acceptance Model)
Tijdsspanne: Immediately after completing the system/task (post-use assessment)

Description: Degree to which participants believe the GAI tool enhances task performance.

Scale: Likert scale (typically 1-5 or 1-7; specify exact instrument version) Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater perceived usefulness (better outcome)
Immediately after completing the system/task (post-use assessment)
Perceived Ease of Use (Technology Acceptance Model)
Tijdsspanne: Immediately after completing the system/task (post-use assessment)
Description: Degree to which participants find the GAI tool easy to use. Scale: Likert scale (typically 1-5 or 1-7; must match instrument used) Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater ease of use (better outcome)
Immediately after completing the system/task (post-use assessment)

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

University of Southern California

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

16 januari 2025

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

22 januari 2025

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

27 februari 2025

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

12 maart 2025

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

30 april 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

5 mei 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

6 mei 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

4 mei 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 mei 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • UP-24-01142

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

JA

IPD delen Ondersteunend informatietype

  • LEERPROTOCOOL
  • SAP

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

Deze informatie is zonder wijzigingen rechtstreeks van de website clinicaltrials.gov gehaald. Als u verzoeken heeft om uw onderzoeksgegevens te wijzigen, te verwijderen of bij te werken, neem dan contact op met register@clinicaltrials.gov. Zodra er een wijziging wordt doorgevoerd op clinicaltrials.gov, wordt deze ook automatisch bijgewerkt op onze website .

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