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Enhancing Readability of Lay Abstracts and Summaries for Medical Knowledge Using Generative Artificial Intelligence (BRIDGE AI 3)

4 мая 2026 г. обновлено: Giovanni Cacciamani, University of Southern California

Enhancing Readability of Lay Abstracts and Summaries for Medical Knowledge Using Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Randomized Controlled Trial (BRIDGE AI 3)

This trial tests if AI can help make medical info clear and readable. Many patients struggle to find medical informations that easy to read and understand from verified medical sources. The study tests if an AI tool can assist health providers to craft clear text for patients more fast than what they do now. Health providers are split at random into two groups-one uses the AI tool and one does not. The trial tests how clear the text is, how correct it is, and how much time is saved. The aim is to see if AI can close the gap between complex research and what patients can grasp.

Обзор исследования

Статус

Завершенный

Условия

Вмешательство/лечение

Подробное описание

This study evaluates whether a generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool can improve the readability and accessibility of lay summaries derived from scientific medical abstracts. Many patients encounter difficulty understanding medical literature due to technical language and complexity, which can limit informed decision-making and engagement with healthcare information.

The BRIDGE-AI (Provider Perspective) initiative aims to address this gap by enabling healthcare professionals and researchers to generate patient-friendly summaries of scientific content using AI-assisted tools. The intervention leverages a generative AI framework (pub2people) designed to translate complex medical terminology into language that is understandable to a general audience.

In this randomized controlled study, participants with experience in scientific publishing will be assigned to either an AI-assisted group or a control group using conventional methods. Participants will be asked to transform scientific abstracts into layperson-friendly summaries. The study compares AI-assisted and manually generated outputs in terms of readability, accuracy, and efficiency.

The primary objective is to determine whether AI-assisted generation improves the readability of lay summaries compared to standard approaches. Secondary objectives include evaluating the accuracy of AI-generated summaries relative to source material and assessing potential time savings associated with AI use.

This study contributes to ongoing efforts to improve health communication by evaluating scalable tools that may enhance the translation of complex medical information into patient-accessible formats.

Тип исследования

Интервенционный

Регистрация (Действительный)

120

Фаза

  • Фаза 2

Контакты и местонахождение

В этом разделе приведены контактные данные лиц, проводящих исследование, и информация о том, где проводится это исследование.

Места учебы

Критерии участия

Исследователи ищут людей, которые соответствуют определенному описанию, называемому критериям приемлемости. Некоторыми примерами этих критериев являются общее состояние здоровья человека или предшествующее лечение.

Критерии приемлемости

Возраст, подходящий для обучения

  • Взрослый
  • Пожилой взрослый

Принимает здоровых добровольцев

Да

Описание

Provider Participants

Inclusion:

  • Corresponding authors who have been published in the top 10 journals of urology and medicine
  • All genders
  • Any profession
  • 18+ years of age

Exclusion:

  • Anyone under the age of 18
  • Participants that have not published in the top 10 journals of urology and medicine

Учебный план

В этом разделе представлена ​​подробная информация о плане исследования, в том числе о том, как планируется исследование и что оно измеряет.

Как устроено исследование?

Детали дизайна

  • Основная цель: Исследования в области здравоохранения
  • Распределение: Рандомизированный
  • Интервенционная модель: Параллельное назначение
  • Маскировка: Одинокий

Оружие и интервенции

Группа участников / Армия
Вмешательство/лечение
Без вмешательства: Gold Standard
Экспериментальный: Pub2Post
Другой: Pub2Post
Pub2Post, a generative artificial intelligence agent which helps in drafting the layperson abstracts and summaries

Что измеряет исследование?

Первичные показатели результатов

Мера результата
Мера Описание
Временное ограничение
Readability Change
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Flesch Reading Ease Score

Description: Measures text readability based on sentence length and word syllables.

Scale: 0 to 100 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate easier readability (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Readability Change
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Description: Estimates U.S. school grade level required to understand the text. Scale: Typically ranges from ~0 to 18+ Interpretation: Lower scores indicate easier readability (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Readability Change
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Gunning Fog Index Description: Estimates years of formal education needed to understand the text on first reading.

Scale: Typically 0 to 20+ Interpretation: Lower scores indicate easier readability (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Readability Change
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
SMOG Index (Simple Measure of Gobbledygook) Description: Estimates years of education required to comprehend the text. Scale: Typically 0 to 20+ Interpretation: Lower scores indicate easier readability (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Readability Change
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Coleman-Liau Index Description: Readability formula based on characters per word and sentence length.

Scale: Typically 0 to 18+ (grade level equivalent) Interpretation: Lower scores indicate easier readability (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Readability Change
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Automated Readability Index (ARI) Description: Estimates grade level required for comprehension using characters and word counts.

Scale: Typically 0 to 14+ Interpretation: Lower scores indicate easier readability (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Вторичные показатели результатов

Мера результата
Мера Описание
Временное ограничение
Time Saving
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

To evaluate the time savings achieved by using generative AI compared to traditional methods for generating layperson abstracts and summaries. Time will be recorded in hours, minutes, and seconds. We will collect and compare the total time spent drafting the complete layperson abstract and summaries, as well as the time spent on each individual section - background, methods, results, conclusion, and short summaries. The comparison will be made between summaries created by humans alone versus those created with GAI assistance.

Time will be reported in minutes
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Correctness and meaning retention
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Accuracy Score of Layperson Abstract Sections Description: Degree to which each section (Background, Methods, Results, Conclusion, Short Summary) reflects key information from the original scientific abstract.

Scale: 5-point Likert scale (1 = very inaccurate, 5 = highly accurate) Assessment Method: Two independent reviewers score each section Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better accuracy (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Correctness and meaning retention
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Completeness Score of Layperson Abstract Sections Description: Extent to which essential information from the original abstract is included in each section.

Scale: 5-point Likert scale (1 = very incomplete, 5 = fully complete) Assessment Method: Two independent reviewers evaluate each section. Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater completeness (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Correctness and meaning retention
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Clarity Score for Layperson Readability Description: Evaluates simplicity, avoidance of jargon, and coherence for lay audiences.

Scale: 5-point Likert scale (1 = very unclear, 5 = very clear and understandable) Assessment Method: Two independent reviewers evaluate each section. Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better clarity (better outcome).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Correctness and meaning retention
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Section-Level Correctness Rate Description: Proportion of sections rated as "correct," defined as receiving scores ≥4 from both reviewers on accuracy, completeness, and clarity simultaneously.

Scale: 0 to 1 (proportion) or 0% to 100% Interpretation: Higher values indicate better overall section quality.
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Correctness and meaning retention
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.

Hallucination Rate Description: Frequency of false or misleading content in generated layperson abstracts, defined as information not supported by the original abstract.

Scale: Proportion of sections or documents containing hallucinations (0 to 1 or %) Assessment Method: Evaluated separately by reviewers using predefined criteria. Interpretation: Lower values indicate better performance (fewer hallucinations).
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment.
Perceived Task Difficulty
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment

Description: Participant-reported difficulty of completing the lay abstract summarization task.

Scale: 5-point Likert scale (1 = very easy, 5 = very difficult) (adjust anchors if different in your instrument) Assessment Timing: Immediately after task completion Interpretation: Lower scores indicate less perceived difficulty (better outcome)
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment
Perceived Task Duration
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment
Description: Participant perception of time required to complete the task. Scale: 5-point Likert scale (1 = very short, 5 = very long) Assessment Timing: Post-task Interpretation: Lower scores indicate shorter perceived duration (better outcome)
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment
Perceived Helpfulness of the intervention
Временное ограничение: The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment

Description: Participant-reported usefulness of the generative AI tool in assisting lay abstract creation.

Scale: 5-point Likert scale (1 = not helpful at all, 5 = extremely helpful) Assessment Timing: Post-task Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater perceived helpfulness (better outcome)
The assessment will be conducted immediately after the study closes, which will occur 4 weeks after enrollment
System Usability Scale (SUS) Score
Временное ограничение: Immediately after completing the system/task (post-use assessment)

Description: Standardized assessment of system usability using the System Usability Scale.

Scale: 0 to 100 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better usability

  • 70: acceptable usability
  • 90: superior usability
Immediately after completing the system/task (post-use assessment)
Perceived Usefulness (Technology Acceptance Model)
Временное ограничение: Immediately after completing the system/task (post-use assessment)

Description: Degree to which participants believe the GAI tool enhances task performance.

Scale: Likert scale (typically 1-5 or 1-7; specify exact instrument version) Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater perceived usefulness (better outcome)
Immediately after completing the system/task (post-use assessment)
Perceived Ease of Use (Technology Acceptance Model)
Временное ограничение: Immediately after completing the system/task (post-use assessment)
Description: Degree to which participants find the GAI tool easy to use. Scale: Likert scale (typically 1-5 or 1-7; must match instrument used) Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater ease of use (better outcome)
Immediately after completing the system/task (post-use assessment)

Соавторы и исследователи

Здесь вы найдете людей и организации, участвующие в этом исследовании.

Спонсор

University of Southern California

Даты записи исследования

Эти даты отслеживают ход отправки отчетов об исследованиях и сводных результатов на сайт ClinicalTrials.gov. Записи исследований и сообщаемые результаты проверяются Национальной медицинской библиотекой (NLM), чтобы убедиться, что они соответствуют определенным стандартам контроля качества, прежде чем публиковать их на общедоступном веб-сайте.

Изучение основных дат

Начало исследования (Действительный)

16 января 2025 г.

Первичное завершение (Действительный)

22 января 2025 г.

Завершение исследования (Действительный)

27 февраля 2025 г.

Даты регистрации исследования

Первый отправленный

12 марта 2025 г.

Впервые представлено, что соответствует критериям контроля качества

30 апреля 2026 г.

Первый опубликованный (Действительный)

5 мая 2026 г.

Обновления учебных записей

Последнее опубликованное обновление (Действительный)

6 мая 2026 г.

Последнее отправленное обновление, отвечающее критериям контроля качества

4 мая 2026 г.

Последняя проверка

1 мая 2026 г.

Дополнительная информация

Термины, связанные с этим исследованием

Ключевые слова

Дополнительные соответствующие термины MeSH

Другие идентификационные номера исследования

  • UP-24-01142

Планирование данных отдельных участников (IPD)

Планируете делиться данными об отдельных участниках (IPD)?

ДА

Совместное использование IPD Поддерживающий тип информации

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • САП

Информация о лекарствах и устройствах, исследовательские документы

Изучает лекарственный продукт, регулируемый FDA США.

Нет

Изучает продукт устройства, регулируемый Управлением по санитарному надзору за качеством пищевых продуктов и медикаментов США.

Нет

Эта информация была получена непосредственно с веб-сайта clinicaltrials.gov без каких-либо изменений. Если у вас есть запросы на изменение, удаление или обновление сведений об исследовании, обращайтесь по адресу register@clinicaltrials.gov. Как только изменение будет реализовано на clinicaltrials.gov, оно будет автоматически обновлено и на нашем веб-сайте. .

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