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The Effect of Mental Fatigue on Upper Extremity Functional Performance

12 juni 2026 bijgewerkt door: Gürsu Sayar, Izmir Bakircay University
Mental fatigue (MF) is known to impair cognitive performance and may negatively affect physical performance. While its effects on lower-extremity functional performance have been investigated, little is known about the influence of MF on upper-extremity physical performance tests commonly used in sports and rehabilitation settings. This randomized crossover study will investigate the effects of experimentally induced mental fatigue on upper-extremity physical performance in 16 healthy physically active adults. Participants will complete both a mental fatigue condition, involving a prolonged Stroop task, and a control condition consisting of watching an emotionally neutral documentary. Before and after each condition, participants will perform the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test, Reactive Upper Quarter Y Balance Test, Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test, and Seated Single-Arm Shot Put Test. Subjective mental fatigue, cognitive performance, motivation, and perceived exertion will also be assessed. The findings will improve understanding of whether mental fatigue influences upper-extremity physical performance test outcomes and may assist clinicians and researchers in interpreting these assessments in sports medicine and rehabilitation contexts.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

16

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Contact Back-up

Studie Locaties

  • België
    • Pleinlaan 2
      • Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, België, 1050
        • Vrije Universiteit Brussel
        • Contact:

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age between 18 and 35 years
  • Healthy (no neurological, cardiovascular or musculoskeletal disorders of any kind)
  • Male or female
  • No prior knowledge of the concept of mental fatigue
  • Not currently taking medications that affect cognition or neuromuscular performance
  • According to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, being physically active at a minimum level of 1500 MET-min/week

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Previous major upper limb injury (last 6 months)
  • Involvement in another concurrent physical or cognitive intervention study
  • Use of caffeine and heavy efforts 24 hours prior each trial
  • Suffering from colour vision deficiencies
  • Not eating a standardized meal, the morning of each trial and the evening before each trial

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Fundamentele wetenschap
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Crossover-opdracht
  • Masker: Enkel

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Mental Fatigue Condition
Participants in this arm completed a mental fatigue induction protocol involving a prolonged and cognitively demanding Stroop task designed to induce sustained inhibitory control and attentional effort. The task was performed for an extended duration to elicit subjective mental fatigue. Pre- and post-condition assessments of upper-extremity physical performance, cognitive performance, motivation, perceived exertion, and subjective mental fatigue were conducted.
Gedragsmatig: Mentale Vermoeidheid
Mentale vermoeidheid (MV) is een psychobiologische toestand die wordt gekenmerkt door gevoelens van vermoeidheid en/of een meetbare prestatieafname na langdurige of intense cognitieve activiteit.
Geen tussenkomst: Control condition
Participants in this arm watched a neutral, emotionally non-arousing documentary for an equivalent duration as the mental fatigue condition. This activity was designed to minimize cognitive load and avoid inducing mental fatigue. Pre- and post-condition assessments of upper-extremity physical performance, cognitive performance, motivation, perceived exertion, and subjective mental fatigue were conducted.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Reactive Upper Quarter Y Balance Test
Tijdsspanne: Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (each experimental and control condition session)
Measures visuomotor reaction time, reaching accuracy, and balance errors during a reactive upper quarter Y balance test performed under visual stimuli conditions.
Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (each experimental and control condition session)
Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test
Tijdsspanne: Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (each session)
Assesses upper-extremity muscular endurance and stability by counting the number of alternating hand touches performed in a 15-second push-up position task.
Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (each session)
Upper Quarter Y Balance Test
Tijdsspanne: Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (each session)
Evaluates dynamic upper-extremity reach performance and composite score based on normalized reach distances in three directions.
Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (each session)
Seated Single-Arm Shot Put Test
Tijdsspanne: Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (each session)
Measures upper-extremity explosive power based on throwing distance of a 6-lb medicine ball.
Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention (each session)

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Subjective Mental Fatigue
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, every 5 minutes during intervention, and post-intervention (each session)
Subjective Mental Fatigue measured using the Mental Visual Analog Scale (M-VAS). The scale ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 indicates no mental fatigue and 100 indicates the highest level of mental fatigue imaginable. Higher scores indicate worse mental fatigue.
Baseline, every 5 minutes during intervention, and post-intervention (each session)
Go/No-Go Task
Tijdsspanne: Immediately post-intervention (each session)
Assesses executive function using a computerized Go/No-Go task. Outcomes include reaction time (milliseconds) and response accuracy (percentage of correct responses, ranging from 0% to 100%). Higher accuracy indicates better executive function performance, while shorter reaction times indicate better performance.
Immediately post-intervention (each session)
Motivation State
Tijdsspanne: Pre- and post-intervention (each session)
Assesses task-related motivation using the Assessment of Motivational States in Performance Environments questionnaire. The questionnaire includes two 7-item subscales: Interest Motivation and Success Motivation. Higher scores indicate greater task engagement, interest in the task, and motivation to perform successfully.
Pre- and post-intervention (each session)
Perceived Exertion
Tijdsspanne: Immediately after physical performance testing (each session)
Assesses perceived exertion using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale. Scores range from 6 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater perceived exertion.
Immediately after physical performance testing (each session)
Stroop Task Performance
Tijdsspanne: During intervention (continuous, averaged per block)
Assesses cognitive performance using a computerized Stroop task. Outcomes include reaction time (milliseconds) and response accuracy (percentage of correct responses, ranging from 0% to 100%). Higher accuracy and shorter reaction times indicate better cognitive performance.
During intervention (continuous, averaged per block)

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Izmir Bakircay University

Medewerkers

Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Onderzoekers

  • Studie directeur: Bart Roelands, Professor, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

1 juli 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

1 augustus 2026

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

1 december 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

9 juni 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

9 juni 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

12 juni 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

15 juni 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

12 juni 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 juni 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • 26014_MF-UEPPT

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

JA

Beschrijving IPD-plan

De-identified individual participant data (IPD) will be shared upon reasonable request. This includes baseline characteristics, intervention allocation, and all primary and secondary outcome measures (upper-extremity physical performance test results, cognitive performance data, subjective mental fatigue scores, motivation scores, perceived exertion ratings, and Stroop task performance data). All data will be fully anonymized to protect participant confidentiality. Additional study-related materials such as the study protocol and statistical analysis plan may also be made available. Data will be shared for non-commercial research purposes after publication of the main study results.

IPD-tijdsbestek voor delen

IPD and supporting documents will become available beginning 6 months after publication of the primary study results and will remain accessible for a period of 5 years.

IPD-toegangscriteria voor delen

De-identified individual participant data (IPD) and supporting study documents will be made available to qualified researchers upon reasonable request for non-commercial use. Requests must include a methodologically sound research proposal and will be reviewed and approved by the principal investigator or study sponsor. Data will be shared under a data-sharing agreement to ensure compliance with ethical and data protection regulations. Access will be provided via secure data transfer platforms or institutional repositories.

IPD delen Ondersteunend informatietype

  • LEERPROTOCOOL

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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