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The Role of Self-efficacy Program for Self-management of People With Type Diabetes Mellitus

23 maj 2026 uppdaterad av: Nida Ul Hasanat, Gadjah Mada University

The Role of Self-Efficacy Program for Self-Management of People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mixed Methods Exploratory Study

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a self-efficacy program can improve diabetes self-management behaviors in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus attending primary health centers (Puskesmas) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The main questions it aims to answer are:

  • Does a self-efficacy program improve diabetes self-management behaviors (measured by the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities/SDSCA)?
  • Does a self-efficacy program enhance diabetes self-efficacy (measured by the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale)? Researchers will compare participants receiving the self-efficacy program (intervention group) to a waiting-list control group to see if the program leads to greater improvements in self-management and self-efficacy.

Participants will:

  • Attend four weekly group sessions (60-90 minutes each) covering diabetes knowledge, goal setting, self-monitoring, and peer support
  • Complete questionnaires on diabetes self-management and self-efficacy at baseline and after the intervention period
  • Selected participants in the intervention group will take part in semi-structured interviews about their experience with the program

Studieöversikt

Status

Avslutad

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Faktisk)

16

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studieorter

  • Indonesien
    • DI Yogyakarta
      • Yogyakarta, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesien, 55272
        • Puskesmas (Primary Health Care) Gedongtengen

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Vuxen

Tar emot friska volontärer

Nej

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for a minimum of one year;
  • exhibiting low or moderate scores on the Diabetes Self-management Scale;
  • no prior experience with similar programs or concurrent participation in other related activities

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Stödjande vård
  • Tilldelning: Icke-randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Ingen (Open Label)

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Experimentell: Self-Efficacy Program Group
Participants at the intervention Puskesmas received a structured self-efficacy program consisting of four weekly group sessions (60-90 minutes each) delivered by a trained nurse researcher. Sessions covered diabetes knowledge enhancement, personal goal setting, self-monitoring techniques, peer experience sharing, problem-solving strategies, progress review, and relapse prevention planning. The program was grounded in Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory, targeting mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological/emotional states.
Beteende: Self-Efficacy Program for Diabetes Self-Management
A structured group-based behavioral intervention grounded in Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory. The program consisted of four weekly sessions (60-90 minutes each) facilitated by a trained nurse researcher. Session 1 focused on diabetes knowledge enhancement and personal goal setting. Session 2 covered self-monitoring techniques and identifying barriers to self-care. Session 3 involved peer experience sharing and problem-solving strategies. Session 4 included review of progress, reinforcement of skills, and relapse prevention planning. The intervention targeted four sources of self-efficacy: mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological/emotional states.
Inget ingripande: Waiting-List Control Group
Participants at the control Puskesmas received usual care as routinely provided by the primary health center (Puskesmas). No additional intervention was given during the study period. Participants in this group were offered the self-efficacy program after data collection was completed.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Diabetes Self-Management
Tidsram: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (after 4 weeks)
Measured using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire, which assesses self-care behaviors across five domains: general diet, specific diet, exercise, blood glucose testing, and foot care. Scores represent the number of days per week (0-7) participants performed each self-care activity.
Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (after 4 weeks)
Diabetes Self-Efficacy
Tidsram: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (after 4 weeks)
Measured using the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (DSES), which assesses participants' confidence in performing diabetes self-management tasks. The scale uses a Likert-type response format with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy.
Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (after 4 weeks)
Participants' Experiences with the Self-Efficacy Program
Tidsram: Post-intervention (after completion of the 4-week program)
Qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with a purposive subsample of intervention group participants. Interviews explored participants' perceptions, experiences, and perceived impact of the self-efficacy program on their diabetes self-management. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Post-intervention (after completion of the 4-week program)

Samarbetspartners och utredare

Det är här du hittar personer och organisationer som är involverade i denna studie.

Sponsor

Gadjah Mada University

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Faktisk)

14 september 2019

Primärt slutförande (Faktisk)

22 oktober 2019

Avslutad studie (Faktisk)

15 december 2019

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

18 maj 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

23 maj 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

29 maj 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

29 maj 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

23 maj 2026

Senast verifierad

1 maj 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • 6536/UN1/FPSi.1.3/SD/PT/2019

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