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The Simplified Total-body Resistance Exercise for Muscular Hypertrophy for Diabetic Population (D-STORM) (D-STORM)

22 juni 2026 uppdaterad av: Muhamad Faiz Bin Alias, Universiti Teknologi Mara

The Simplified Total-body Resistance Exercise for Muscular Hypertrophy for Diabetic Population (D-STORM): Rationale and Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Type 2 diabetes is associated with progressive loss of muscle mass, which worsens blood sugar control and increases the risk of heart disease and disability. Resistance training (weight training) has been shown to build muscle and improve blood sugar levels, but most existing programmes use high intensities that are difficult for older or inactive people with diabetes to sustain.

This study tests a new resistance training programme called D-STORM (Simplified Total-body Resistance Exercise for Muscular Hypertrophy for Diabetic Population), which uses a lower, more manageable training load designed to be safe, tolerable, and effective for adults with Type 2 diabetes who are not on insulin.

Participants will be randomly assigned to either twice-weekly D-STORM training plus their usual diabetes care, or usual care alone, for 12 weeks. The main outcome measured is change in HbA1c (a blood test reflecting average blood sugar over 3 months). Body composition, walking capacity, blood pressure, heart rate, and quality of life will also be measured.

Studieöversikt

Status

Har inte rekryterat ännu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljerad beskrivning

The D-STORM trial is a 2-arm parallel randomised controlled trial conducted at Hospital Sultan Al-Abdullah (HASA), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Adults aged 18 to 65 years with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c 6.5% to 13.0%) who are not on insulin therapy will be recruited and randomly allocated 1:1 to the D-STORM intervention arm or the usual care arm.

The D-STORM programme consists of 6 compound resistance exercises performed twice weekly on non-consecutive days for 12 weeks, at 60-80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), 2 working sets per exercise, using the double progression model with sets terminated at 1-3 repetitions in reserve (RIR).

The primary outcome is between-group difference in HbA1c (%) from baseline to 12 weeks, with a minimum clinically important difference of 1.0% absolute reduction. Secondary outcomes include body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis; InBody 270), functional exercise capacity (Incremental Shuttle Walk Test), blood pressure, resting heart rate, and health-related quality of life (SF-36). Sample size: 124 participants (62 per arm), accounting for 10% dropout.

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Beräknad)

56

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studiekontakt

  • Namn: Muhamad Faiz Alias, BPT, MSc (sport science)
  • Telefonnummer: +60355442912
  • E-post: faiz.fisio@gmail.com

Studieorter

  • Malaysia
    • Selangor
      • Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia, 42300
        • Hospital Sultan Al-Abdullah (HASA)

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Vuxen
  • Äldre vuxen

Tar emot friska volontärer

Nej

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged 18 to 65 years
  • Confirmed diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  • HbA1c between 6.5% and 13.0%
  • Not currently on insulin therapy
  • Has a primary care provider

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Age below 18 or above 65 years
  • Blood pressure 160/100 mmHg or higher at screening
  • HbA1c below 6.5% or above 13.0%
  • Currently on insulin therapy
  • Pregnant or planning to become pregnant within the next 6 months
  • Serious medical conditions that would prevent safe participation in an exercise programme
  • Any physical or functional limitation that would prevent participation in resistance training
  • Underlying conditions that would not allow safe participation in the exercise intervention

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Behandling
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Ingen (Open Label)

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Experimentell: D-STORM Training plus Usual Care
Participants perform the D-STORM resistance training programme twice weekly on non-consecutive days for 12 weeks, comprising 6 compound exercises at 60-80% 1RM, 2 working sets per exercise, terminated at 1-3 repetitions in reserve, using the double progression model. Participants also continue their usual diabetes care throughout.
Beteende: D-STORM Resistance Training Programme
Twice-weekly progressive resistance training comprising 6 compound exercises (upper body pull, upper body push, lower body push, lower body pull) at 60-80% 1RM, 2 working sets per exercise per session (minimum 4 sets per muscle group per week), 8-12 repetitions per set, terminated at 1-3 repetitions in reserve. Load is progressively increased using the double progression model. Total intervention duration is 12 weeks.
Aktiv komparator: Usual Care
Participants receive standard diabetes care in accordance with the Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Management (6th Edition), including general physical activity recommendations of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week. No structured or supervised exercise is provided.
Övrig: usual care
Participants receive standard diabetes care in accordance with the Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Management (6th Edition), including general physical activity recommendations of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week distributed over at least 3 days, with resistance exercise on a minimum of 2 non-consecutive days per week. No structured, supervised, or progressive training is provided.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
Tidsram: Baseline to 12 weeks
Between-group difference in HbA1c (%) from baseline to 12 weeks. The minimum clinically important difference is defined as a reduction of ≥1.0% absolute HbA1c. Measured by standardised laboratory assay at baseline (Visit 1) and post-intervention (Visit 7).
Baseline to 12 weeks

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Body Composition
Tidsram: Baseline to 12 weeks
Segmental body composition including skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 270) under standardised conditions.
Baseline to 12 weeks
Functional Exercise Capacity
Tidsram: Baseline to 12 weeks
Assessed using the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT), measuring the maximum distance walked under a progressively increasing pace protocol.
Baseline to 12 weeks
Blood Pressure
Tidsram: Baseline to 12 weeks
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) measured at Visits 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9.
Baseline to 12 weeks
Resting Heart Rate
Tidsram: Baseline to 12 weeks
Resting heart rate (bpm) measured at Visits 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9.
Baseline to 12 weeks
Health-Related Quality of Life
Tidsram: Baseline to 12 weeks
Assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention (12 weeks).
Baseline to 12 weeks
Exercise Self-Efficacy
Tidsram: Baseline to 12 weeks
Self-reported exercise self-efficacy measured by validated questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention (12 weeks).
Baseline to 12 weeks

Samarbetspartners och utredare

Det är här du hittar personer och organisationer som är involverade i denna studie.

Sponsor

Universiti Teknologi Mara

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Beräknad)

1 januari 2027

Primärt slutförande (Beräknad)

30 september 2027

Avslutad studie (Beräknad)

31 december 2027

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

17 juni 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

17 juni 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

24 juni 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

25 juni 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

22 juni 2026

Senast verifierad

1 juni 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • 600-RMC/MOHE HICoE CARE-I 5/3

Plan för individuella deltagardata (IPD)

Planerar du att dela individuella deltagardata (IPD)?

JA

IPD-planbeskrivning

Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the published article will be made available after de-identification, including text, tables, figures, and appendices.

Tidsram för IPD-delning

Beginning 6 months after publication, for a period of 5 years.

Kriterier för IPD Sharing Access

Data will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal. Proposals should be directed to the corresponding author. To gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement.

IPD-delning som stöder informationstyp

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL

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