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The Simplified Total-body Resistance Exercise for Muscular Hypertrophy for Diabetic Population (D-STORM) (D-STORM)

22 juni 2026 bijgewerkt door: Muhamad Faiz Bin Alias, Universiti Teknologi Mara

The Simplified Total-body Resistance Exercise for Muscular Hypertrophy for Diabetic Population (D-STORM): Rationale and Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Type 2 diabetes is associated with progressive loss of muscle mass, which worsens blood sugar control and increases the risk of heart disease and disability. Resistance training (weight training) has been shown to build muscle and improve blood sugar levels, but most existing programmes use high intensities that are difficult for older or inactive people with diabetes to sustain.

This study tests a new resistance training programme called D-STORM (Simplified Total-body Resistance Exercise for Muscular Hypertrophy for Diabetic Population), which uses a lower, more manageable training load designed to be safe, tolerable, and effective for adults with Type 2 diabetes who are not on insulin.

Participants will be randomly assigned to either twice-weekly D-STORM training plus their usual diabetes care, or usual care alone, for 12 weeks. The main outcome measured is change in HbA1c (a blood test reflecting average blood sugar over 3 months). Body composition, walking capacity, blood pressure, heart rate, and quality of life will also be measured.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

The D-STORM trial is a 2-arm parallel randomised controlled trial conducted at Hospital Sultan Al-Abdullah (HASA), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Adults aged 18 to 65 years with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c 6.5% to 13.0%) who are not on insulin therapy will be recruited and randomly allocated 1:1 to the D-STORM intervention arm or the usual care arm.

The D-STORM programme consists of 6 compound resistance exercises performed twice weekly on non-consecutive days for 12 weeks, at 60-80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), 2 working sets per exercise, using the double progression model with sets terminated at 1-3 repetitions in reserve (RIR).

The primary outcome is between-group difference in HbA1c (%) from baseline to 12 weeks, with a minimum clinically important difference of 1.0% absolute reduction. Secondary outcomes include body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis; InBody 270), functional exercise capacity (Incremental Shuttle Walk Test), blood pressure, resting heart rate, and health-related quality of life (SF-36). Sample size: 124 participants (62 per arm), accounting for 10% dropout.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

56

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

  • Naam: Muhamad Faiz Alias, BPT, MSc (sport science)
  • Telefoonnummer: +60355442912
  • E-mail: faiz.fisio@gmail.com

Studie Locaties

  • Maleisië
    • Selangor
      • Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Maleisië, 42300
        • Hospital Sultan Al-Abdullah (HASA)

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen
  • Oudere volwassene

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged 18 to 65 years
  • Confirmed diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  • HbA1c between 6.5% and 13.0%
  • Not currently on insulin therapy
  • Has a primary care provider

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Age below 18 or above 65 years
  • Blood pressure 160/100 mmHg or higher at screening
  • HbA1c below 6.5% or above 13.0%
  • Currently on insulin therapy
  • Pregnant or planning to become pregnant within the next 6 months
  • Serious medical conditions that would prevent safe participation in an exercise programme
  • Any physical or functional limitation that would prevent participation in resistance training
  • Underlying conditions that would not allow safe participation in the exercise intervention

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Behandeling
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: D-STORM Training plus Usual Care
Participants perform the D-STORM resistance training programme twice weekly on non-consecutive days for 12 weeks, comprising 6 compound exercises at 60-80% 1RM, 2 working sets per exercise, terminated at 1-3 repetitions in reserve, using the double progression model. Participants also continue their usual diabetes care throughout.
Gedragsmatig: D-STORM Resistance Training Programme
Twice-weekly progressive resistance training comprising 6 compound exercises (upper body pull, upper body push, lower body push, lower body pull) at 60-80% 1RM, 2 working sets per exercise per session (minimum 4 sets per muscle group per week), 8-12 repetitions per set, terminated at 1-3 repetitions in reserve. Load is progressively increased using the double progression model. Total intervention duration is 12 weeks.
Actieve vergelijker: Usual Care
Participants receive standard diabetes care in accordance with the Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Management (6th Edition), including general physical activity recommendations of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week. No structured or supervised exercise is provided.
Ander: usual care
Participants receive standard diabetes care in accordance with the Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Management (6th Edition), including general physical activity recommendations of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week distributed over at least 3 days, with resistance exercise on a minimum of 2 non-consecutive days per week. No structured, supervised, or progressive training is provided.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline to 12 weeks
Between-group difference in HbA1c (%) from baseline to 12 weeks. The minimum clinically important difference is defined as a reduction of ≥1.0% absolute HbA1c. Measured by standardised laboratory assay at baseline (Visit 1) and post-intervention (Visit 7).
Baseline to 12 weeks

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Body Composition
Tijdsspanne: Baseline to 12 weeks
Segmental body composition including skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 270) under standardised conditions.
Baseline to 12 weeks
Functional Exercise Capacity
Tijdsspanne: Baseline to 12 weeks
Assessed using the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT), measuring the maximum distance walked under a progressively increasing pace protocol.
Baseline to 12 weeks
Blood Pressure
Tijdsspanne: Baseline to 12 weeks
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) measured at Visits 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9.
Baseline to 12 weeks
Resting Heart Rate
Tijdsspanne: Baseline to 12 weeks
Resting heart rate (bpm) measured at Visits 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9.
Baseline to 12 weeks
Health-Related Quality of Life
Tijdsspanne: Baseline to 12 weeks
Assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention (12 weeks).
Baseline to 12 weeks
Exercise Self-Efficacy
Tijdsspanne: Baseline to 12 weeks
Self-reported exercise self-efficacy measured by validated questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention (12 weeks).
Baseline to 12 weeks

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Universiti Teknologi Mara

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

1 januari 2027

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

30 september 2027

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

31 december 2027

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

17 juni 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

17 juni 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

24 juni 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

25 juni 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

22 juni 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 juni 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • 600-RMC/MOHE HICoE CARE-I 5/3

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

JA

Beschrijving IPD-plan

Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the published article will be made available after de-identification, including text, tables, figures, and appendices.

IPD-tijdsbestek voor delen

Beginning 6 months after publication, for a period of 5 years.

IPD-toegangscriteria voor delen

Data will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal. Proposals should be directed to the corresponding author. To gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement.

IPD delen Ondersteunend informatietype

  • LEERPROTOCOOL

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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