Evaluation of MRI Measures of Lung Water With Posture Changes in Healthy Volunteers and in Patients With Cardiac Failure

Inclusion Criteria:

• Heart Failure Patients:
• Established diagnosis of mild to moderate heart failure of any aetiology with symptoms defined as corresponding to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I, II or III
• Able in the opinion of the patient and investigator to be supine for 1 hour and to experience passive leg raising (PLR) whilst in the MRI scanner
• Male or female over 18 years of age at the time of signing the informed consent
• Negative urine or serum pregnancy test
• Capable of giving written informed consent
• Registered with a UK general practitioner.
• Participants must read (in English) at a level sufficient to adequately complete study related questionnaires
• Able to understand and comply with protocol requirements, instructions and protocol-stated restrictions
• Healthy Volunteers:
• Healthy as determined by a responsible physician
• Male or female over 18 years of age at the time of signing the informed consent
• Capable of giving written informed consent
• Negative urine or serum pregnancy test
• Registered with a UK general practitioner
• Participants must read (in English) at a level sufficient to adequately complete study related questionnaires
• Able to understand and comply with protocol requirements, instructions and protocol-stated restrictions

Exclusion Criteria:

• Heart Failure Patients
• History of primary pulmonary disease requiring current medication or other therapy.
• Orthopnoea of sufficient severity to preclude supine scanning.
• Hip or leg pathology of sufficient severity to prevent extension of both legs to 45 degrees.
• Unstable heart failure, defined as change in NYHA status, change in heart failure therapy regimen or hospitalization for acute decompensation of heart failure within preceding 6 weeks.
• Unstable angina within the past 3 months
• Current smoker, defined as having smoked in the preceding 1 year
• Uncontrolled hypertension (resting systolic BP > 160 mmHg or resting diastolic BP > 100mmHg)
• Resting hypoxia (SaO2 <93%).
• Contraindication to MRI scanning
• Pregnant females
• Positive drugs of abuse or alcohol screen.
• Unwillingness or inability to follow the procedures outlined in the protocol.
• Healthy Volunteers
• History of primary pulmonary disease requiring current medication or other therapy
• Current smoker, defined as having smoked in the preceding 1 year
• Hip or leg pathology of sufficient severity to prevent extension of both legs to 45 degrees
• Contraindication to MRI scanning
• Pregnant females
• Positive drugs of abuse or alcohol screen
• Unwillingness or inability to follow the procedures outlined in the protocol