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Trunk and Lower Limb Muscle Contributions to ACL Loading During Single-Leg Landing

2026年5月19日更新者：Shazlin Shaharudin、Universiti Sains Malaysia

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries commonly occurred through non-contact mechanisms during dynamic tasks such as single-leg landing (SLL). Trunk control and lower limb muscle coordination were believed to play a critical role in modulating knee joint biomechanics and ACL loading; however, their individual muscle contributions remained poorly understood due to the difficulty of in-vivo ACL force measurement. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between core strength, lower limb muscle forces, knee joint biomechanics, and ACL loading during single-leg landing in collegiate athletes. Three-dimensional full-body kinematics, ground reaction forces, and electromyography data were collected and integrated into a musculoskeletal modelling framework to estimate ACL loading and individual muscle force contributions. Findings from this study were expected to provide biomechanical evidence to support targeted injury-prevention and rehabilitation strategies.

研究概览

地位

完全的

条件

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详细说明

Anterior cruciate ligament injuries often led to long-term consequences including early knee osteoarthritis, abnormal neuromuscular function, and reduced athletic participation. Approximately 70% of ACL injuries occurred via non-contact mechanisms, frequently during single-leg landing tasks. During such movements, ACL loading was influenced by joint kinematics, external forces, and neuromuscular coordination of both trunk and lower limb muscles. This study adopted a two-level approach. First, standard biomechanical analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between functional core strength and knee joint biomechanics, including knee valgus angle and knee abduction moment during SLL. Second, a musculoskeletal modelling approach was employed to quantify the contribution of individual trunk and lower limb muscles to ACL loading.

Participants performed standardized single-leg landing tasks while wearing inertial motion sensors and surface electromyography electrodes. Ground reaction forces were recorded using a force platform. A full-body musculoskeletal model was scaled to participant anthropometry and used to estimate muscle forces and ACL loading during the landing phase. Statistical analyses included linear regression and linear mixed-effects modelling to examine relationships between muscle forces, knee biomechanics, and ACL loading.

研究类型

观察性的

注册 (实际的)

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习地点

马来西亚
- Pulau Pinang
  - Nibong Tebal、Pulau Pinang、马来西亚
    - School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

成人

接受健康志愿者

是的

取样方法

非概率样本

研究人群

The study population consisted of forty collegiate male athletes aged 19 to 25 years who participated in sports involving frequent jumping and landing movements. All participants had a minimum of three years of competitive experience and trained at least twice per week. Individuals with a history of major lower limb or back injury requiring surgery, current musculoskeletal injury, or medical conditions limiting maximal physical effort were excluded. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.

描述

Inclusion Criteria:

Male collegiate athletes aged 19-25 years
Minimum of 3 years of competitive experience in jump-landing sports (e.g., volleyball, basketball, netball)
Training frequency of at least twice per week
No history of back or lower limb injury

Exclusion Criteria:

History of major lower limb or back injury requiring surgery
Any medical condition preventing maximal physical effort
Current musculoskeletal pain or injury affecting movement performance

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量	措施说明	大体时间
Peak Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Force During Single-Leg Landing 大体时间：Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).	Peak anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) force (Newtons, N) was estimated during the landing phase of a single-leg landing task using subject-specific musculoskeletal modelling. Three-dimensional whole-body kinematics (Xsens inertial motion capture), ground reaction forces (Bertec force platform), and surface electromyography (EMG) signals from trunk and lower limb muscles were integrated within a full-body musculoskeletal model to compute ACL loading. Peak ACL force was extracted from initial ground contact to maximum knee flexion.	Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
Correlation Between Plank Endurance Time and Peak Knee Valgus Angle During Single-Leg Landing 大体时间：Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).	Pearson correlation between plank endurance time (seconds) and peak knee valgus angle (degrees) measured during single-leg landing using three-dimensional motion analysis (Xsens inertial motion capture).	Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
Knee Valgus Angle During Single-Leg Landing 大体时间：Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).	Peak knee valgus angle (degrees, °) was calculated from three-dimensional lower limb kinematic data collected using full-body inertial motion capture (Xsens). Knee joint angles were derived using inverse kinematics and analyzed from initial ground contact to maximum knee flexion during the single-leg landing task.	Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
Knee Abduction Moment During Single-Leg Landing 大体时间：Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).	Peak knee abduction moment (Newton-meters, Nm) was computed using inverse dynamics based on synchronized three-dimensional kinematic data (Xsens) and ground reaction force data (Bertec force platform). Peak values were identified during the landing phase from initial ground contact to maximum knee flexion.	Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
Trunk and Lower Limb Muscle Forces During Single-Leg Landing 大体时间：Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).	Peak trunk and lower limb muscle forces (Newtons, N) were estimated using a full-body lumbar spine musculoskeletal model driven by experimental kinematics, ground reaction forces, and electromyography-informed muscle activation patterns. Muscle force outputs were analyzed during the landing phase of the single-leg landing task from initial ground contact to maximum knee flexion.	Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

Universiti Sains Malaysia

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始 (实际的)

2024年6月12日

初级完成 (实际的)

2024年7月11日

研究完成 (实际的)

2024年7月11日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2026年1月1日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2026年5月19日

首次发布 (实际的)

2026年5月27日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (实际的)