Trunk and Lower Limb Muscle Contributions to ACL Loading During Single-Leg Landing
19 de mayo de 2026 actualizado por: Shazlin Shaharudin, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries commonly occurred through non-contact mechanisms during dynamic tasks such as single-leg landing (SLL).
Trunk control and lower limb muscle coordination were believed to play a critical role in modulating knee joint biomechanics and ACL loading; however, their individual muscle contributions remained poorly understood due to the difficulty of in-vivo ACL force measurement.
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between core strength, lower limb muscle forces, knee joint biomechanics, and ACL loading during single-leg landing in collegiate athletes.
Three-dimensional full-body kinematics, ground reaction forces, and electromyography data were collected and integrated into a musculoskeletal modelling framework to estimate ACL loading and individual muscle force contributions.
Findings from this study were expected to provide biomechanical evidence to support targeted injury-prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Terminado
Condiciones
Descripción detallada
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries often led to long-term consequences including early knee osteoarthritis, abnormal neuromuscular function, and reduced athletic participation. Approximately 70% of ACL injuries occurred via non-contact mechanisms, frequently during single-leg landing tasks. During such movements, ACL loading was influenced by joint kinematics, external forces, and neuromuscular coordination of both trunk and lower limb muscles. This study adopted a two-level approach. First, standard biomechanical analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between functional core strength and knee joint biomechanics, including knee valgus angle and knee abduction moment during SLL. Second, a musculoskeletal modelling approach was employed to quantify the contribution of individual trunk and lower limb muscles to ACL loading.
Participants performed standardized single-leg landing tasks while wearing inertial motion sensors and surface electromyography electrodes. Ground reaction forces were recorded using a force platform. A full-body musculoskeletal model was scaled to participant anthropometry and used to estimate muscle forces and ACL loading during the landing phase. Statistical analyses included linear regression and linear mixed-effects modelling to examine relationships between muscle forces, knee biomechanics, and ACL loading.
Tipo de estudio
De observación
Inscripción (Actual)
40
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Pulau Pinang
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Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malasia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Criterios de participación
Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Adulto
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Sí
Método de muestreo
Muestra no probabilística
Población de estudio
The study population consisted of forty collegiate male athletes aged 19 to 25 years who participated in sports involving frequent jumping and landing movements.
All participants had a minimum of three years of competitive experience and trained at least twice per week.
Individuals with a history of major lower limb or back injury requiring surgery, current musculoskeletal injury, or medical conditions limiting maximal physical effort were excluded.
All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male collegiate athletes aged 19-25 years
- Minimum of 3 years of competitive experience in jump-landing sports (e.g., volleyball, basketball, netball)
- Training frequency of at least twice per week
- No history of back or lower limb injury
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of major lower limb or back injury requiring surgery
- Any medical condition preventing maximal physical effort
- Current musculoskeletal pain or injury affecting movement performance
Plan de estudios
Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Peak Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Force During Single-Leg Landing
Periodo de tiempo: Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
|
Peak anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) force (Newtons, N) was estimated during the landing phase of a single-leg landing task using subject-specific musculoskeletal modelling.
Three-dimensional whole-body kinematics (Xsens inertial motion capture), ground reaction forces (Bertec force platform), and surface electromyography (EMG) signals from trunk and lower limb muscles were integrated within a full-body musculoskeletal model to compute ACL loading.
Peak ACL force was extracted from initial ground contact to maximum knee flexion.
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Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
|
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Correlation Between Plank Endurance Time and Peak Knee Valgus Angle During Single-Leg Landing
Periodo de tiempo: Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
|
Pearson correlation between plank endurance time (seconds) and peak knee valgus angle (degrees) measured during single-leg landing using three-dimensional motion analysis (Xsens inertial motion capture).
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Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
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Knee Valgus Angle During Single-Leg Landing
Periodo de tiempo: Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
|
Peak knee valgus angle (degrees, °) was calculated from three-dimensional lower limb kinematic data collected using full-body inertial motion capture (Xsens).
Knee joint angles were derived using inverse kinematics and analyzed from initial ground contact to maximum knee flexion during the single-leg landing task.
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Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
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Knee Abduction Moment During Single-Leg Landing
Periodo de tiempo: Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
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Peak knee abduction moment (Newton-meters, Nm) was computed using inverse dynamics based on synchronized three-dimensional kinematic data (Xsens) and ground reaction force data (Bertec force platform).
Peak values were identified during the landing phase from initial ground contact to maximum knee flexion.
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Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
|
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Trunk and Lower Limb Muscle Forces During Single-Leg Landing
Periodo de tiempo: Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
|
Peak trunk and lower limb muscle forces (Newtons, N) were estimated using a full-body lumbar spine musculoskeletal model driven by experimental kinematics, ground reaction forces, and electromyography-informed muscle activation patterns.
Muscle force outputs were analyzed during the landing phase of the single-leg landing task from initial ground contact to maximum knee flexion.
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Assessed during a single laboratory testing session (up to 2 hours).
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.
Patrocinador
Fechas de registro del estudio
Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Actual)
12 de junio de 2024
Finalización primaria (Actual)
11 de julio de 2024
Finalización del estudio (Actual)
11 de julio de 2024
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
1 de enero de 2026
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
19 de mayo de 2026
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
27 de mayo de 2026
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
27 de mayo de 2026
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
19 de mayo de 2026
Última verificación
1 de enero de 2026
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- USM/JEPeM/KK/23100759
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
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