Determining Smoking Cessation Related Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills among Opiate Dependent Smokers in Methadone Treatment

Nina A Cooperman, Kimber P Richter, Steven L Bernstein, Marc L Steinberg, Jill M Williams, Nina A Cooperman, Kimber P Richter, Steven L Bernstein, Marc L Steinberg, Jill M Williams

Abstract

Background: Over 80% of people in methadone treatment smoke cigarettes, and existing smoking cessation interventions have been minimally effective.

Objective: To develop an Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model of behavior change based smoking cessation intervention for methadone maintained smokers, we examined smoking cessation related IMB factors in this population.

Methods: Current or former smokers in methadone treatment (n = 35) participated in focus groups. Ten methadone clinic counselors participated in an individual interview. A content analysis was conducted using deductive and inductive approaches.

Results: Commonly known IMB factors related to smoking cessation were described. These factors included: the health effects of smoking and treatment options for quitting (information); pregnancy and cost of cigarettes (motivators); and coping with emotions, finding social support, and pharmacotherapy adherence (behavioral skills). IMB factors specific to methadone maintained smokers were also described. These factors included: the relationship between quitting smoking and drug relapse (information), the belief that smoking is the same as using drugs (motivator); and coping with methadone clinic culture and applying skills used to quit drugs to quitting smoking (behavioral skills). IMB strengths and deficits varied by individual.

Conclusions: Methadone maintained smokers could benefit from research on an IMB Model based smoking cessation intervention that is individualized, addresses IMB factors common among all smokers, and also addresses IMB factors unique to this population.

Keywords: Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model; cigarette; methadone; opiate; smoking cessation.

References

    1. Aubin HJ, Berlin I, Smadja E, West R. Factors associated with higher body mass index, weight concern, and weight gain in a multinational cohort study of smokers intending to quit. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2009;6(3):943–957.
    1. Axelrod S. Smoking cessation through functional analysis. J Appl Behav Anal. 1991;24(4):717–718.
    1. Baha M, Le Faou AL. Smokers’ reasons for quitting in an anti-smoking social context. Public Health. 2010;124(4):225–231.
    1. Balmford J, Borland R, Hammond D, Cummings KM. Adherence to and reasons for premature discontinuation from stop-smoking medications: data from the ITC Four-Country Survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(2):94–102.
    1. Bansal MA, Cummings KM, Hyland A, Giovino GA. Stop-smoking medications: who uses them, who misuses them, and who is misinformed about them? Nicotine Tob Res. 2004;6(Suppl 3):S303–s310.
    1. Berg CJ, Park ER, Chang Y, Rigotti NA. Is concern about post-cessation weight gain a barrier to smoking cessation among pregnant women? Nicotine Tob Res. 2008;10(7):1159–1163.
    1. Biener L, Bogen K, Connolly G. Impact of corrective health information on consumers’ perceptions of “reduced exposure” tobacco products. Tob Control. 2007;16(5):306–311.
    1. Borland R, Yong HH, Balmford J, Cooper J, Cummings KM, O’Connor RJ, et al. Motivational factors predict quit attempts but not maintenance of smoking cessation: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four country project. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(Suppl):S4–S11.
    1. Bowman J, Wiggers J, Colyvas K, Wye P, Walsh RA, Bartlem K. Smoking cessation among Australian methadone clients: prevalence, characteristics and a need for action. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2012;31(4):507–513.
    1. Campbell BK, Wander N, Stark MJ, Holbert T. Treating cigarette smoking in drug-abusing clients. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1995;12(2):89–94.
    1. Catz SL, Jack LM, McClure JB, Javitz HS, Deprey M, Zbikowski SM, et al. Adherence to varenicline in the COMPASS smoking cessation intervention trial. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(5):361–368.
    1. Clemmey P, Brooner R, Chutuape MA, Kidorf M, Stitzer M. Smoking habits and attitudes in a methadone maintenance treatment population. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1997;44(2–3):123–132.
    1. Cook BL, Wayne GF, Kafali EN, Liu Z, Shu C, Flores M. Trends in smoking among adults with mental illness and association between mental health treatment and smoking cessation. JAMA. 2014;311(2):172–182.
    1. Cooperman NA, Parsons JP, Chabon B, Berg KM, Arnsten JH. The development and feasibility of an intervention to improve antiretroviral adherence among HIV-positive patients receiving primary-care in methadone clinics. Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services. 2007;6(1/2):101–120.
    1. de Dios MA, Anderson BJ, Stanton C, Audet DA, Stein M. Project Impact: a pharmacotherapy pilot trial investigating the abstinence and treatment adherence of Latino light smokers. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012;43(3):322–330.
    1. Elkader AK, Brands B, Selby P, Sproule BA. Methadone-nicotine interactions in methadone maintenance treatment patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009;29(3):231–238.
    1. Elo S, Kyngas H. The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs. 2008;62(1):107–115.
    1. Etter JF, Schneider NG. An internet survey of use, opinions and preferences for smoking cessation medications: nicotine, varenicline, and bupropion. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15(1):59–68.
    1. Ferguson SG, Shiffman S. The relevance and treatment of cue-induced cravings in tobacco dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009;36(3):235–243.
    1. Fidler JA, West R. Self-perceived smoking motives and their correlates in a general population sample. Nicotine Tob Res. 2009;11(10):1182–1188.
    1. Fidler JA, West R. Enjoyment of smoking and urges to smoke as predictors of attempts and success of attempts to stop smoking: a longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011;115(1–2):30–34.
    1. Fisher WA, Fisher JD, Harman J. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model: A general social psychological approach to understanding and promoting health behavior. In: Suls J, editor. Social Psychological Foundations of Health and Illness. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing; 2009. pp. 82–106.
    1. Gallus S, Muttarak R, Franchi M, Pacifici R, Colombo P, Boffetta P, et al. Why do smokers quit? Eur J Cancer Prev. 2013;22(1):96–101.
    1. Glaser BG, Strauss AL. Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine; 1967.
    1. Grassi MC, Enea D, Ferketich AK, Lu B, Pasquariello S, Nencini P. Effectiveness of varenicline for smoking cessation: a 1-year follow-up study. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2011;41(1):64–70.
    1. Gross B, Brose L, Schumann A, Ulbricht S, Meyer C, Volzke H, et al. Reasons for not using smoking cessation aids. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:129.
    1. Hays JT, Leischow SJ, Lawrence D, Lee TC. Adherence to treatment for tobacco dependence: association with smoking abstinence and predictors of adherence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(6):574–581.
    1. Hurt RD, Offord KP, Croghan IT, Gomez-Dahl L, Kottke TE, Morse RM, et al. Mortality following inpatient addictions treatment. Role of tobacco use in a community-based cohort. JAMA. 1996;275(14):1097–1103.
    1. Hyland A, Borland R, Li Q, Yong HH, McNeill A, Fong GT, et al. Individual-level predictors of cessation behaviours among participants in the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tob Control. 2006;15(Suppl 3):ii83–ii94.
    1. Kennett DJ, Morris E, Bangs AM. Learned resourcefulness and smoking cessation revisited. Patient Educ Couns. 2006;60(2):206–211.
    1. Krist AH, Woolf SH, Johnson RE, Rothemich SF, Cunningham TD, Jones RM, et al. Patient costs as a barrier to intensive health behavior counseling. Am J Prev Med. 2010;38(3):344–348.
    1. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33(1):159–174.
    1. Lawhon D, Humfleet GL, Hall SM, Munoz RF, Reus VI. Longitudinal analysis of abstinence-specific social support and smoking cessation. Health Psychol. 2009;28(4):465–472.
    1. Lee JY, Kim MJ, Jun HJ, Kang M, Park AR, Oh DE, et al. Adherence to varenicline and abstinence rates for quitting smoking in a private health promotion center-based smoking cessation clinic. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2012;72(5):426–432.
    1. Lemon SC, Friedmann PD, Stein MD. The impact of smoking cessation on drug abuse treatment outcome. Addict Behav. 2003;28(7):1323–1331.
    1. Li L, Borland R, Yong HH, Fong GT, Bansal-Travers M, Quah AC, et al. Predictors of smoking cessation among adult smokers in Malaysia and Thailand: findings from the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(Suppl):S34–S44.
    1. Li L, Feng G, Jiang Y, Yong HH, Borland R, Fong GT. Prospective predictors of quitting behaviours among adult smokers in six cities in China: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey. Addiction. 2011;106(7):1335–1345.
    1. Liberman JN, Lichtenfeld MJ, Galaznik A, Mastey V, Harnett J, Zou KH, et al. Adherence to varenicline and associated smoking cessation in a community-based patient setting. J Manag Care Pharm. 2013;19(2):125–131.
    1. Lindquist CU, Lindsay JS, White GD. Assessment of assertiveness in drug abusers. J Clin Psychol. 1979;35(3):676–679.
    1. Luostarinen M, Tuovinen EL, Saarni SE, Kinnunen T, Hukkinen M, Haukkala A, et al. Weight concerns among Finnish ever-smokers: a population-based study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15(10):1696–1704.
    1. McCaul KD, Hockemeyer JR, Johnson RJ, Zetocha K, Quinlan K, Glasgow RE. Motivation to quit using cigarettes: a review. Addict Behav. 2006;31(1):42–56.
    1. McCool RM, Richter KP, Choi WS. Benefits of and barriers to providing smoking treatment in methadone clinics: findings from a national study. Am J Addict. 2005;14(4):358–366.
    1. Nahvi S, Ning Y, Segal KS, Richter KP, Arnsten JH. Varenicline efficacy and safety among methadone maintained smokers: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Addiction. 2014
    1. Nahvi S, Richter K, Li X, Modali L, Arnsten J. Cigarette smoking and interest in quitting in methadone maintenance patients. Addict Behav. 2006;31(11):2127–2134.
    1. Perkins KA, Fonte C, Ashcom J, Broge M, Wilson A. Subjective responses to nicotine in smokers may be associated with responses to caffeine and to alcohol. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001;9(1):91–100.
    1. Pletsch PK, Kratz AT. Why do women stop smoking during pregnancy? Cigarettes taste and smell bad. Health Care Women Int. 2004;25(7):671–679.
    1. Prochaska JJ, Delucchi K, Hall SM. A meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions with individuals in substance abuse treatment or recovery. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004;72(6):1144–1156.
    1. Reid MS, Fallon B, Sonne S, Flammino F, Nunes EV, Jiang H, et al. Smoking cessation treatment in community-based substance abuse rehabilitation programs. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2008;35(1):68–77.
    1. Richter KP, Ahluwalia HK, Mosier MC, Nazir N, Ahluwalia JS. A population-based study of cigarette smoking among illicit drug users in the United States. Addiction. 2002;97(7):861–869.
    1. Richter KP, Arnsten JH. A rationale and model for addressing tobacco dependence in substance abuse treatment. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2006;1:23.
    1. Richter KP, Choi WS, McCool RM, Harris KJ, Ahluwalia JS. Smoking cessation services in U.S. methadone maintenance facilities. Psychiatr Serv. 2004;55(11):1258–1264.
    1. Richter KP, Hamilton AK, Hall S, Catley D, Cox LS, Grobe J. Patterns of smoking and methadone dose in drug treatment patients. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;15(2):144–153.
    1. Richter KP, Hunt JJ, Cupertino AP, Garrett S, Friedmann PD. Understanding the drug treatment community’s ambivalence towards tobacco use and treatment. Int J Drug Policy. 2012;23(3):220–228.
    1. Richter KP, McCool RM, Catley D, Hall M, Ahluwalia JS. Dual pharmacotherapy and motivational interviewing for tobacco dependence among drug treatment patients. J Addict Dis. 2005;24(4):79–90.
    1. Richter KP, McCool RM, Okuyemi KS, Mayo MS, Ahluwalia JS. Patients’ views on smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction during drug treatment. Nicotine Tob Res. 2002;4(Suppl 2):S175–S182.
    1. Roddy E, Antoniak M, Britton J, Molyneux A, Lewis S. Barriers and motivators to gaining access to smoking cessation services amongst deprived smokers--a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2006;6:147.
    1. Rosenthal L, Carroll-Scott A, Earnshaw VA, Sackey N, O’Malley SS, Santilli A, et al. Targeting cessation: understanding barriers and motivations to quitting among urban adult daily tobacco smokers. Addict Behav. 2013;38(3):1639–1642.
    1. Schauer GL, Malarcher AM, Zhang L, Engstrom MC, Zhu SH. Prevalence and Correlates of Quitline Awareness and Utilization in the United States: An Update From the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013
    1. Schmitz JM, Grabowski J, Rhoades H. The effects of high and low doses of methadone on cigarette smoking. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1994;34(3):237–242.
    1. Shoptaw S, Rotheram-Fuller E, Yang X, Frosch D, Nahom D, Jarvik ME, et al. Smoking cessation in methadone maintenance. Addiction. 2002;97(10):1317–1328. discussion 1325.
    1. Spiga R, Schmitz J, Day J., 2nd Effects of nicotine on methadone self-administration in humans. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998;50(2):157–165.
    1. Stein MD, Anderson BJ. Nicotine and drug interaction expectancies among methadone maintained cigarette smokers. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2003;24(4):357–361.
    1. Stein MD, Anderson BJ, Niaura R. Nicotine replacement therapy: patterns of use after a quit attempt among methadone-maintained smokers. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(7):753–757.
    1. Stein MD, Anderson BJ, Niaura R. Smoking cessation patterns in methadone-maintained smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007;9(3):421–428.
    1. Stein MD, Caviness CM, Kurth ME, Audet D, Olson J, Anderson BJ. Varenicline for smoking cessation among methadone-maintained smokers: a randomized clinical trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;133(2):486–493.
    1. Stein MD, Weinstock MC, Herman DS, Anderson BJ, Anthony JL, Niaura R. A smoking cessation intervention for the methadone-maintained. Addiction. 2006;101(4):599–607.
    1. Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.; 1998.
    1. Swan GE, McClure JB, Jack LM, Zbikowski SM, Javitz HS, Catz SL, et al. Behavioral counseling and varenicline treatment for smoking cessation. Am J Prev Med. 2010;38(5):482–490.
    1. Swanson JA, Lee JW, Hopp JW. Caffeine and nicotine: a review of their joint use and possible interactive effects in tobacco withdrawal. Addict Behav. 1994;19(3):229–256.
    1. Taylor G, McNeill A, Girling A, Farley A, Lindson-Hawley N, Aveyard P. Change in mental health after smoking cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014;348:g1151.
    1. Tsourtos G, O’Dwyer L. Stress, stress management, smoking prevalence and quit rates in a disadvantaged area: has anything changed? Health Promot J Austr. 2008;19(1):40–44.
    1. Vogt F, Hall S, Marteau TM. Understanding why smokers do not want to use nicotine dependence medications to stop smoking: qualitative and quantitative studies. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008;10(8):1405–1413.
    1. Yong HH, Borland R. Functional beliefs about smoking and quitting activity among adult smokers in four countries: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four-Country Survey. Health Psychol. 2008;27(3 Suppl):S216–S223.
    1. Zhu SH, Anderson CM, Tedeschi GJ, Rosbrook B, Johnson CE, Byrd M, et al. Evidence of real-world effectiveness of a telephone quitline for smokers. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(14):1087–1093.

Source: PubMed

赞助者和合作者

医疗条件

药物干预

3
订阅