Definition of Fiducial Points in the Normal Seismocardiogram

Kasper Sørensen, Samuel E Schmidt, Ask S Jensen, Peter Søgaard, Johannes J Struijk, Kasper Sørensen, Samuel E Schmidt, Ask S Jensen, Peter Søgaard, Johannes J Struijk

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to define fiducial points in the seismocardiogram (SCG) and to correlate them with physiological events identified in ultrasound images. For 45 healthy subjects the SCG and the electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded simultaneously at rest. Immediately following the SCG and ECG recordings ultrasound images of the heart were also obtained at rest. For all subjects a mean SCG signal was calculated and all fiducial points (peaks and valleys) were identified and labeled in the same way across all signals. Eight physiologic events, including the valve openings and closings, were annotated from ultrasound as well and the fiducial points were correlated with those physiologic events. A total of 42 SCG signals were used in the data analysis. The smallest mean differences (±SD) between the eight events found in the ultrasound images and the fiducial points, together with their correlation coefficients (r) were: atrial systolic onset: -2 (±16) ms, r = 0.75 (p < 0.001); peak atrial inflow: 13 (±19) ms, r = 0.63 (p < 0.001); mitral valve closure: 4 (±11) ms, r = 0.71 (p < 0.01); aortic valve opening: -3 (±11) ms, r = 0.60 (p < 0.001); peak systolic inflow: 13 (±23) ms, r = 0.42 (p < 0.01); aortic valve closure: -5 (±12) ms, r = 0.94 (p < 0.001); mitral valve opening: -7 (±19) ms, r = 0.87 (p < 0.001) and peak early ventricular filling: -18 (±28 ms), r = 0.79 (p < 0.001). In conclusion eight physiologic events characterizeing the cardiac cycle, are associated with reproducible, well-defined fiducial points in the SCG.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A seismocardiographic signal from one subject aligned to the ECG R-peak (systolic complex) and to the diastolic complex respectively. Individual beats are plotted in grey, the mean beats are plotted in black.
Figure 2
Figure 2
SCG signals from subject 09 (A), 15 (B) and 22 (C) with labeling of the fiducial points in the two complexes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation plots for the fiducial points and ultrasound images listed in Table 6.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Overall mean electrocardiogram and seismocardiogram signal from 34 subjects. The circles indicate the mean location of the following physiologic events found in ultrasound images, from left: Atrial systole (AS), peak atrial inflow (PAI), mitral valve closure (MC), aortic valve opening (AO), peak systolic inflow (PSI), aortic valve closing (AC), mitral valve opening (MO), early ventricular filling (EVF). The grey areas indicate the 95% confidence intervals of the means for the physiologic events found in the ultrasound images.

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Source: PubMed

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